BIOLOGY 1M03 Chapter 55: Biology Chapter 55.docx

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Perhaps simplest way to think about biodiversity is in terms of tree of life, the phylogenetic tree of all organisms. When biodiversity, increases, branches and tips are added and tree of life gets fuller and bushier. When extinctions occur, tips and perhaps branches are removed, the tree of life becomes thinner and sparser. Biodiversity can be measured and analyzed at several levels: to get a complete understanding of the diversity of life, biologist recognize and analyze biodiversity on three levels. Areas around estuaries tend to have high ecosystem diversity due to combination of stream, wetland, intertidal, neritic and upland habitats. Mutations that create new alleles increase genetic diversity. Natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow can increase or decrease overall genetic diversity. Speciation, extinction increases and decreases species diversity. Changes in climate or other physical conditions can result in formation of new ecosystems.

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