BIOLOGY 1A03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Glycosidic Bond, Dietary Fiber, Covalent Bond

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOLOGY 1A03
• Professor: Lovaye Kajiura

Document Summary

Types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, lipids. Carbohydrates are made of monomers called monosaccharides (one sugar), small polymers called oligosaccharides (a few sugars), and large polymers called polysaccharides. Sugars provide chemical energy in cells and furnish some of the building blocks required for the synthesis of larger, more complex compounds. Alpha glucose: oh group attached to first carbon is on the bottom. Beta glucose: oh group attached to first carbon is on the top. Disaccharides polymers consisting of two monosaccharides: sucrose: glucose-fructose, lactose: galactose-glucose, maltose: glucose-glucose. Alpha glucose polymer with alpha 1-4 glycosidic linkages. Coiled shape: amylose: unbranched helix, amylopectin: branched helix; branches occur every 30 monomers; branches attached with alpha-1,6-linkages. Highly branches helices; branches every 10 monomers with alpha 1-6 glycosidic linkages. Exist as sets of long strands linked to each other; links provides ability to withstand forces that push/pull on them. Structural support in cell walls of plants, algae. Beta glucose monomers with beta-1,4-linkages forming cellulose stands.