BIOLOGY 2EE3 Chapter : 3--Sept 22-24.pdf

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Chapter 3: eukaryotic microbes: the morphology of typical eukaryal cells, diversity of eukaryal microbes, the origin of eukaryal cells, interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment. Defined by presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. The morphology of typical eukaryal cells: the mitochondria and chloroplasts: These organelles use electron transport chains to produce. Mitochondria participate in later stages of cellular. Chloroplasts use the atp they produce to fix carbon into organic compounds (often glucose). Both organelles are semi-autonomous: each has their own dna, ribosomes, transcription machinery, and can replicate independently of the rest of the cell, however, most of their proteins originate from the dna in the nucleus of the cell. Eukaryotic microbes can broadly be separated into those with and those without cell walls (see below). Also cell walls can vary widely between the domains. Cellulose and chitin in eukaryal cells use specific (cid:69)-1,4-glycosidic bonds between sugars for strength and rigidity.

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