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ECON 1B03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Economic Equilibrium, Inferior Good, Move

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School
McMaster University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 1B03
Professor
Hannah Holmes

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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes
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ECON 1B03 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Many buyers and sellers act independently from each other. Firms can enter or exit the market freely. There are no barriers to entry and nothing can force a firm to stay in an industry. Because there are many buyers and sellers, no single individual or firm can influence the market. In perfect competition, consumers and firms are price takers: All the consumers who want to buy a good or service together constitute market demand. All the firms who want to produce and sell a good or service together constitute market supply. When market demand meets up with market supply, a market price will be established that makes buyers and sellers the best-off they can be. Is the amount of good consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price, p: law of demand. As p increases, qd decreases and vice versa. The higher the price, the less consumers are willing or able to buy a good.

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Related Questions

What are the three conditions for a market to be perfectly competitive? For a market to be perfectly competitive, there must be:

A. many buyers and one seller, with the firm producing a product that has no close substitutes, and barriers to new firms entering the market.

B. many buyers and sellers, with firms selling similar but not identical products, with low barriers to new firms entering the market

C. many buyers and a few sellers, with all firms selling identical products, and no barriers to new firms entering the market.

D. many buyers and sellers, with all firms selling identical products, and no barriers to new firms entering the market.

E. many buyers and a small number of firms that compete, selling differentiated products, and barriers to new firms entering the market.

Step 1: Read the following scenario. Imagine a market where there is perfect competition between two or more companies, such as a fish market where vendors offer the same products at the same price or online ticket auctions like StubHub. In this market there are four key elements to perfect competition: a large number of buyers and sellers no barriers to entry or exit perfect mobility for customers choosing products homogenous products

Step 2: Use the scenario to answer the following questions. In a one-page (250-word) document, answer the following questions using the information provided in the scenario in Step 1: Explain how output, price, and profit are determined in your perfectly competitive market in the long run. How does that lead to efficiency? How could changes in technology affect the market? How could an increase in demand affect the market? What are the effects of new businesses entering the market? What are the effects of businesses leaving the market?


1.
If firms in a monopolistically competitive market are earningpositive profits,
A) firms will likely be subject to regulation.
B) barriers to entry will be strengthened.
C) some firms must exit the market.
D) new firms will enter the market.
2.

Panel c in the set of figures shown is consistent with a firm in amonopolistically competitive market that is


A) earning profit and is in both short-run and long-runequilibrium.
B) earning economic profit and is in short-run equilibrium, but notlong-run equilibrium.
C) earning profit and is in long-run equilibrium, but not short-runequilibrium.
D) earning a negative profit and is not in equilibrium.
3.
When a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitivemarket is producing the long-run equilibrium quantity,
A) its marginal revenue will exceed its marginal cost.
B) its average revenue will equal its marginal cost.
C) it will be earning positive economic profits.
D) its demand curve will be tangent to its average-total-costcurve.
4.
Monopolistic competition differs from perfect competition becausein monopolistically competitive markets
A) each of the sellers offers a somewhat different product.
B) strategic interactions between firms is vitally important.
C) there are barriers to entry.
D) all firms can eventually earn economic profits.
5.
The free entry and exit of firms in a monopolistically competitivemarket guarantees that
A) economic losses can persist into the long run, but not economicprofits.
B) both economic profits and economic losses can persist into thelong run.
C) economic profits can persist into the long run, but not economiclosses.
D) both economic profits and economic losses disappear in the longrun.
6.


Panel (a) shows a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitivefirm that is

A) All answers are correct
B) earning a zero profit.
C) charging a price that is equal to average total cost.
D) in long-run equilibrium.
7.
Since a firm in a monopolistically competitive market faces a
A) perfectly elastic demand curve, it will always operate withexcess capacity.
B) downward-sloping demand curve, it will always operate atefficient scale.
C) perfectly inelastic demand curve, it will always operate atefficient scale.
D) downward-sloping demand curve, it will always operate withexcess capacity.
8.
In a monopolistically competitive market,
A) firms can enter or exit the market without restriction.
B) each firm takes the price of its product as given.
C) each firm produces a product that is essentially identical tothe products of other firms in the market.
D) there are only a few sellers.
9.
The fact that there is a great deal of advertising of men’s shavingproducts indicates that
A) it costs firms very little to produce those products.
B) the market for those products is perfectly competitive.
C) those products are highly differentiated.
D) All answers are correct
10.
A profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive marketdiffers from a firm in a perfectly competitive market because thefirm in the monopolistically competitive market
A) has no barriers to entry.
B) faces a downward-sloping demand curve for its product.
C) faces a horizontal demand curve at the market clearingprice.
D) is characterized by market share maximization.