NURS 3122 Chapter Notes - Chapter 23.1: Osmosis, Carbonic Anhydrase, Chemical Equilibrium
22 Apr 2017
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Alterations in fluid, electrolyte, and acid- base balance. In persons of all ages, body fluid is located in several compartments. The two major fluid compartments contain the intracellular fluid (fluid inside the cells) and the extracellular fluid (fluid outside the cells). The extracellular fluid is made up of intravascular fluid (the fluid within the blood vessels) and interstitial fluid (the fluid between the cells and outside the blood and lymphatic vessels). Extracellular fluid accounts for about one third of total body water, and intracellular fluid accounts for about two thirds. The concentrations of electrolytes in the fluid differ depending on the fluid compartment. For example, extracellular fluid is rich in sodium ions; intracellular fluid, by contrast, is low in sodium ions but rich in potassium ions. Fluid moves between the intravascular and interstitial compartments by a process called filtration. Water moves into and out of the cells by the process of osmosis.
