BCHM 316 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Ribose, Pentose, Carboxylation
Document Summary
5 coenzymes: tpp e1, lipoate e2, coa-sh e2, fad e3, nad+ - e3. Purpose: 2 acetyl-coa 2 co2: trap reducing power as fadh2, nadh, gtp. Acetyl-coa sources glucose (pyruvate), amino acids, and fatty acids. Vertebrates cannot convert acetyl-coa glucose: no acetyl coa, pyruvate dehydrogenase is irreversible. In plants, bacteria, some invertebrates: 5 step glyoxylate pathway to convert. Different compared to cac: malate synthesis and isocitrate lysase, 2 acetyl coa input and glyoxalate intermediate. Same as cac: citrate synthase, aconitase, malate dehydrogenase. Isocitrate is branch point between going through glyoxylate cycle and cac: if [isocitrate dehydrogenase] of cac is phosphorlyated by protein kinase inactivated. Forms nadph (production of macromolecules) and ribose 5p (dna) Oxidative and non-oxidative phases of ppp: ox = irreversible, non ox = reversible. Wards off oxidative damage due to free radicals (generates nadph) Rarely comes in form we use: activated close to site of action. Not synthesized by body (provided by gut microflora)