BIOL 102 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Ketose, Aldose, Dehydration Reaction
22 Sep 2018
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Document Summary
Enzymes- specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions. Dehydration reaction- monomers are bonded with the loss of a water molecule *draw* Hydrolysis reaction- polymers are disassembled to monomers with the addition of water. Catalyst- speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by the reaction. Glucose: depending on the location of the carbonyl group, a sugar is either an aldose or a ketose (glucose is an aldose, fructose is a ketose) Disaccharide- two monosaccharides joined by a glyosidic linkage. In the form of starch in plant and glycogen in animals for storage: the polysaccharide cellulose is used for structure for the cell wall. Hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon in glucose is either positioned above (alpha) or below (beta) Chitin- carbohydrate used by arthropods to build their exoskeletons and in fungi. Fats composed of a glycerol and fatty acids. Fatty acid- long carbon skeleton with carboxyl group at the end. Triglycerol- three fatty acids linked to one glycerol.
