BIOL 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Herbivore, Oxalis Oregana, Species Richness

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Community structure and species diversity: three characteristics describe a biological community: Physical appearance: relative sizes, stratification, and distribution of populations and species. The edge between a forest and field is sunnier, warmer, and drier than the interior. Increased edge area from habitat fragmentation makes species vulnerable to predators. Factors that affect species diversity: latitude, pollution, npp, disturbance, and time: Species richness: the number of different species. Species evenness: the abundance of individuals within each of its species. Niche structure: the number of niches and how species interact with one another. The most species-rich environments are tropical rain forests, coral reefs, & deep sea: the species equilibrium model, or the theory of island biogeography states that: Two factors determine the number of different species: immigration and extinction. At some point, the rates of immigration and extinction should reach an equilibrium point. Two features of an island affect its immigration and extinction rates:

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