BIOL 330 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2-16: Autocrine Signalling, Sticky And Blunt Ends, Ubiquitin
Document Summary
Nucleotides- building blocks of dna and rna. Strong and weak attractive forces between atoms are the glue that holds individual molecules together and permits interactions between different molecules. Covalent bond: 2 atoms share a single pair of electrons, strong force that holds atoms together in molecules. Noncovalent interactions: weak attractive forces- ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der. Polymers: composed of multiple covalently linked small molecules, or monomers. Proteins: linear polymers containing up to several thousand amino acids linked by peptide bonds. Nucleic acids: linear polymers containing hundreds to millions of nucleotides linked by a phosphodiester bond. Polysaccharides: linear or branched polymers of monosaccharides (sugars) such as glucose linked by glycosidic bonds. Formation of a covalent bond usually involves the loss of an h from one monomer and an. Oh from the other monomer- net loss of a water molecule. Purines: adenine and guanine, contain a pair of fused rings. Pyrimidines: cytosine, thymine and uracil, contain a single ring.