MICR 270 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Septic Shock, Haematopoiesis, Fetus
The adaptive immune response
1. What are the 5 basic steps of an adaptive immune response?
● RAEAM
● Antigen Recognition
● Lymphocyte Activation
● Elimination of pathogen
● Apoptosis of immune cells
● Establish immunological Memory
2. Describe the antigen recognition process
● PAMPs seen by APCs
● APC present antigen to naive T-cells through MHC proteins
3. How do antigen presenting cells present pathogens?
● Internalize pathogens through
○ Phagocytosis
○ Endocytosis
● Process into peptides
● Display on the MHC of the APC
4. Describe the two types of MHC proteins in regard to antigen presentation
● MHC Class 1
○ Recognized by CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Cells
● MHC Class 2
○ Recognized by CD4+ Helper T-Cells
5. Describe the Lymphocyte Activation process
● Cellular interactions leads to lymphocyte differentiation where they become B-Cells or T-
cells
6. What are the 2 pathways in which pathogens can be eliminated?
● Cell mediated
● Humoral
7. Describe the humoral pathway of pathogen elimination
● Plasmocytes (B-cells) make antibodies
● Antibodies bind to pathogens
8. Describe the cell-mediated pathway of pathogen elimination
● Cytotoxic T-Cells destroy infected cells
9. What are the 3 professional APCs?
● MBD
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Document Summary
Establish immunological memory: describe the antigen recognition process. Display on the mhc of the apc: describe the two types of mhc proteins in regard to antigen presentation. Recognized by cd4+ helper t-cells: describe the lymphocyte activation process. Humoral: describe the humoral pathway of pathogen elimination. Antibodies bind to pathogens: describe the cell-mediated pathway of pathogen elimination. Recognized by cd8+ cytotoxic t-cells: describe the 5 steps in the exogenous pathway of antigen processing. Antigen in endosome is broken down into fragments. Vesicle containing antigen fragments fuses with vesicles containing mhc molecules. Signal translocation molecules (itams: how do bcrs bind to extracellular pathogens/ Interaction between th2 and naive b-cells activate humoral response (antibody production: describe the 6 steps in which t-cells activate b-cells. Occurs when antigen binding to bcr is not strong enough to activate b-cell. Displayed on cell membrane as mhc complex. T-cell components recognize and binds to mhc complex on b-cell.