PSYC 221 Chapter Notes -Omission Bias, Neuroeconomics, Utility
31 Jan 2014
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Decision: making a choice between alternatives. Reasoning: the process of drawing conclusions. This means taking information and converting it into a conclusion that goes beyond the information. Most decisions are the product of reasoning. Inductive reasoning: arriving at conclusions that are probably true based on evidence. Notice that deductive reasoning provides definite conclusions whereas inductive reasoning provides probable conclusions. Deductive reasoning: syllogisms and logic. Syllogism: a sequence of statements that offers at least two premises plus a conclusion. Here is an example of a syllogism from the text: It takes a c average to graduate from queen"s university. Josie is graduating from queen"s university. Josie must have at least a c average. Here is an example of a categorical syllogism: Premise 2: all animals eat food. Conclusion: therefore, all birds eat food. The answer is: validity and truth. Validity (of syllogisms): a syllogism is valid when its conclusion follows logically from its two premises.
