ACC 414 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Cash Flow, Current Liability, Financial Instrument
Document Summary
Get access
Related Documents
Related Questions
I am having a problem getting my memo right for this math done already class, I have the math done. Heres the directions and Ill post the memo outline they gave us and the math I have doneI have to tell them yes on the loan as you will see in my answer to Part 3
Precision company wishes to expand but needs a $300,000 loan. The bank requests that Precision prepare a balance sheet and key financial ratios. Precision has kept formal records and is able to provide financial statements as of December 31, 2017. The industry debt ratio averages 45.00%. The industry return on assets is 2.0%.
You represent Ideal Bank and will present your findings in a memo to report the ratios for Precision, and identify the conclusion of your opinion reached from your analysis of the companyâs financials. The memo is to be copied and distributed to the VP of Ideal Bank, so a well-written and detailed memo is crucial. Your memo will be crucial to bank leadersâ decision to lend Precision the $300,000.
Make sure you use complete sentences. Check your work for proper spelling, grammar and punctuation.
Part 1(a) - Return on Total assets
Return on Total Assets = (Earning Before Income And Taxes)/Total Assets*100
Total Assets = $1684000
Earning before Interest and Taxes = $185000
Return on Total Assets = ($185000/$1684000)*100 = 10.99%
Part 1(b) - Its Building Block is Profitability. Profitability ratios measure the how effectively company uses its assets in generating revenue. The ratio explain the relationship between income and Resources.
Company is generating more return on total assets than the industry average. Industry average is 2% and company's return on total assets is 10.99%
Also company is having the very high profit Margin, High Return on Equity. Hence overall Position regarding Profitability is Higher than Industry's average
Part 2(a) - Debt Ratio = Total Debts/Shareholders Equity
Total Debts = $400000
Shareholders Equity = $1019000
Debt Ratio = ($400000/$1019000)*100 = 39.25%
Part 2(b) - Its Building Block is Solvency. Solvency ratio determines the ability of company to meet the liabilities of long term debts. It analyses that whether company has sufficient cash flows to repay the long term debts.
Company debt ratio is 39% which is lesser than Industry Average ratio. It says that company better manages its long term debt financing. Lower debt equity ratio is better. And debt equity ratio of more than 50% is considered unhealthy. Hence company is very much performing better than its Industries sector.
Part 3- Yes, Company is highly able to get the loan of $300000. Company is performing better than Industry averages in terms of profitability and Solvency. Also Company has current ratio of more than 2.0 which says that company has high liquidity. Hence company is Growing in business and has strong financials better than industry average. Hence Company can get the loan of $300000 for expansion
| Precision Company |
Memorandum
To: Recipient Name
From: Your Name
CC: CC Name
Some of the sample text in this document indicates the name of the style applied, so that you can easily apply the same formatting again. To get started right away, just tap any placeholder text (such as this) and start typing.
View and edit this document in Word on your computer, tablet, or phone. You can edit text; easily insert content such as pictures, shapes, or tables; and seamlessly save the document to the cloud from Word on your Windows, Mac, Android, or iOS device.
Want to insert a picture from your files or add a shape, text box, or table? You got it! On the Insert tab of the ribbon, just tap the option you need.
Find even more easy-to-use tools on the Insert tab, such as to add a hyperlink or insert a comment.
I am unsure of what is unclear. The instructions are:
1. Set up a worksheet for the solvency ratios--currentratio and the quick ratio.
2. Compute these ratios for Doctors Smith and Brown. Todo so, you will need one additional piece of information that isnot present on the doctorsâstatements: their maximum annual debt service is$22,200.
Practice Exercise 11âII: Solvency Ratios
Refer to Doctors Smith and Brownâs financial statementspresented in the preceding Chapter 10.
Required
1. Set up a worksheet for the solvency ratios. current ratio and the quick ratio.
2. Compute these ratios for Doctors Smith and Brown. Todo so, you will need one additional piece of information that isnot present on the doctorsâstatements: their maximum annual debt service is$22,200.
The requested information is below:
Exhibit 10-1 Westside Clinic Balance Sheet
Assets | December 31, 20x2 | December 31, 20x1 | ||
Current Assets | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $190,000 | $145,000 | ||
Accounts receivable (net) | 250,000 | 300,000 | ||
Inventories | 25,000 | 20,000 | ||
Prepaid Insurance | 5,000 | 3,000 | ||
Total Current Assets | $470,000 | $468,000 | ||
Property, Plant, and Equipment | ||||
Land | $100,000 | $100,000 | ||
Buildings (net) | 0 | 0 | ||
Equipment (net) | 260,000 | 300,000 | ||
Net Property, Plant, and Equipment | 360,000 | 400,000 | ||
Other Assets | ||||
Investments | $133,000 | $32,000 | ||
Total Other Assets | 133,000 | 32,000 | ||
Total Assets | $963,000 | $900,000 | ||
Liabilities and Fund Balance | ||||
Current Liabilities | ||||
Current maturities of long-term debt | $52,000 | $48,000 | ||
Accounts payable and accruedexpenses | 293,000 | 302,000 | ||
Total Current Liabilities | $345,000 | $350,000 | ||
Long-Term Debt | $252,000 | $300,000 | ||
Less Current Maturities of Long-Term Debt | ?52,000 | ?48,000 | ||
Net Long-Term Debt | 200,000 | 252,000 | ||
Total Liabilities | $545,000 | $602,000 | ||
Fund Balances | ||||
Unrestricted fund balance | $418,000 | $298,000 | ||
Restricted fund balance | 0 | 0 | ||
Total Fund Balances | 418,000 | 298,000 | ||
Total Liabilities | $963,000 | $900,000 | ||
Exhibit 10-2 sets out the result of operations for two years,with the most current period in the left column. If the balancesheet is a snapshot, then the statement of revenue and expenses isa diary because it is a record of transactions over the period of ayear. Operating revenues and operating expenses are set out first,with the result being income from operations of $115,000($2,000,000 less $1,885,000). Then other transactions are reported;in this case, interest income of $5,000 under the headingâNonoperating Gains (Losses).â The total of $120,000 ($115,000 plus$5,000) is reported as an increase in fund balance. This figurecarries forward to the next major report, known as the statement ofchanges in fund balance.
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN FUND BALANCE/NET WORTH
Remember that our formula for a basic statement of revenue andexpense looked like this:
Operating Revenue â Operating Expenses = Operating Income
Exhibit 10-2 Westside Clinic Statement of Revenue andExpenses
For the Year Ending | |||||
Revenue | December 31, 20x2 | December 31, 20x1 | |||
Net patient service revenue | $2,000,000 | $1,850,000 | |||
Total operating revenue | $2,000,000 | $1,850,000 | |||
Operating Expenses | |||||
Medical/surgical services | $600,000 | $575,000 | |||
Therapy services | 860,000 | 806,000 | |||
Other professional services | 80,000 | 75,000 | |||
Support services | 220,000 | 220,000 | |||
General services | 65,000 | 60,000 | |||
Depreciation | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||
Interest | 20,000 | 24,000 | |||
Total operating expenses | 1,885,000 | 1,800,000 | |||
Income from Operations | $115,000 | $50,000 | |||
Nonoperating Gains (Losses) | |||||
Interest Income | $5,000 | $2,000 | |||
Net nonoperating gains | 5,000 | 2,000 | |||
Revenue and Gains in Excess of | |||||
Expenses and Losses | $120,000 | $52,000 | |||
Increase in Unrestricted Fund Balance | $120,000 | $52,000 | |||
The excess of revenue over expenses flows back into equity orfund balance through the mechanism of the statement of fundbalance/net worth. Exhibit 10-3 shows a balance at the first of theyear; then it adds the excess of revenue over expenses (in theamount of $115,000) plus some interest income (in the amount of$5,000) to arrive at the balance at the end of the year.
If you refer back to the balance sheet, you will see the$418,000 balance at the end of the year appearing on it. So we canthink of the balance sheet, the statement of revenue and expenses,and the statement of changes in fund balance/net worth as lockedtogether, with the statement of changes in fund balance being themechanism that links the other two statements.
But there is one more major reportâthe statement of cashflowsâand we will examine it next.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
To perceive why a statement of cash flows is necessary, we mustfirst revisit the concept of accrual basis accounting. If cash isnot paid or received when revenues and expenses are entered on thebooksâthe usual situation in accrual accountingâwhat happens? Theother side of the entry for revenues is accounts receivable, andthe other side of the entry for expenses is accounts payable. Theseaccounts rest on the balance sheet and have not yet been turnedinto cash. Another characteristic of accrual accounting is therecognition of depreciation. A capital assetâa piece of equipment,for exampleâis purchased for $20,000. It has a usable life of fiveyears. So depreciation expense is recognized in each of the fiveyears until the $20,000 is used up, or depreciated. (Land is anexception to this rule: it is never depreciated.) Depreciation isrecognized within each year as an expense, but it does notrepresent a cash expense. This is a concept that now enters intothe statement of cash flows.
Exhibit 10-4 presents the current period cash flow. In effect,this statement takes the accrual basis statements and converts themto a cash flow for the period through a series of reconcilingadjustments that account for the noncash amounts.
Understanding the cash/noncash concept makes sense of thisstatement. The starting point is the income from operations, thesubtotal from the statement of revenue and expense. Depreciationand interest are added back, and changes in asset and liabilityac-counts, both positive and negative, are recognized. Theseadjustments account for operating activities. Next, capital andrelated financing activities are addressed; then investingactivities are adjusted. The result is a net increase in cash andcash equivalents of $45,000 in our example. This figure is added tothe cash balance at the beginning of the year ($145,000) to arriveat the cash balance at the end of the year ($190,000). Now referback to the balance sheet, and you will find the cash balance isindeed $190,000. So the fourth major reportâthe statement of cashflowsâinterlocks with the other three major reports.
Exhibit 10-3 Westside Clinic Statement of Changes in FundBalance
For the Year Ending | |||
Statement of Changes in Fund Balance | December 31, 20x2 | December 31, 20x1 | |
Balance First of Year | $298,000 | $246,000 | |
Revenue in Excess of Expenses | 115,000 | 50,000 | |
Interest Income | 5,000 | 2,000 | |
Balance End of Year | $418,000 | $298,000 | |
Exhibit 10-4 Westside Clinic Statement of Cash Flows
Statement of Cash Flows | For the Year Ending | |||
December 31, 20x2 | December 31, 20x1 | |||
Operating Activities | ||||
Income from operations | $115,000 | $50,000 | ||
Adjustments to reconcile income from | ||||
operations to net cash flows from | ||||
operating activities | ||||
Depreciation and amortization | 40,000 | 40,000 | ||
Interest expense | 20,000 | 24,000 | ||
Changes in asset and liabilityaccounts | ||||
Patient accountsreceivable | 50,000 | â250,000 | ||
Inventories | â5,000 | â5,000 | ||
Prepaid expenses andother assets | â2,000 | â1,000 | ||
Accounts payable andaccrued expenses | â9,000 | 185,000 | ||
Net cash flow from operating activities | $209,000 | $43,000 | ||
Cash Flows from Noncapital Financing Activities | 0 | 0 | ||
Cash Flows from Capital and Related Financing ActivitiesAcquisition of equipment | $ 0 | $(300,000) | ||
Proceeds from loan for equipment | 0 | 300,000 | ||
Interest paid on long-term obligations | â20,000 | 0 | ||
Repayment of long-term obligations | â48,000 | 0 | ||
Net cash flows from capital and related financing activities | â68,000 | 0 | ||
Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||
Interest income received | $5,000 | $2,000 | ||
Investments purchased (net) | â 101,000 | 0 | ||
Net cash flows from investing activities | â96,000 | 2,000 | ||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents | $45,000 | $45,000 | ||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year | 145,000 | 100,000 | ||
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year | $190,000 | $145,000 | ||
