ENT 526 Chapter 3: chapter 3 notes

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betty101

4 May 2018

School

Ryerson University

Department

Entrepreneurship and Strategy

Course

ENT 526

Professor

Agostino Menna

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Nov 3 – logic

RECAP

Design

- Simple case – what is happening

- Longitudinal – has there been a change in A

- Comparison – are A and B different?

- Longitudinal comparison – Are A and B different through time?

- Experiment – is the difference between A and B due to change in the independent variable

Simple case study

- What’s goig o here?

- 1 particular case/entity

- Relationship between 2 variables in one case

Purpose 

o Exploratory

o Relevant variables for future research

o Initial testing of hypothesis

Longitudinal Studies

- Has there been a change in A

- Relationship between 2 variables in one case

- Purpose  to observe change between 2 times points/over time

o TYPES

 Trend

 Panel

 Cohort

Comparison studies

- Is A different than B?

- 2 particular cases/entities

- Relationship between 2 variables

- Purpose  to establish consistency/difference among cases on a common basis (same variable)

Longitudinal Comparison

- Have A and B changed over time?

- Relationship between 2 variables in two cases

- Observing change between 2 time point/over time

- Purpose  discover how two entities change over time

Experiment

- How does this IV affect group?

- Relationship between variables in one case, with two entities

- Observing change between 2 groups over 2 periods )pre-test, post-test)

- Idepedet variale is uder researher’s aipulatio otrol group

REVIEW

Qualitative

- AIM: complete detailed description

- Researcher has a rough idea in advance of what he/she looking for

- Design emerges as study unfolds

- Data gathering instrument = researcher

- Data = words, pictures, objects

- Subjective (individual interpretation of events is important

- Rich in nature, time consuming, limited generalizability

- Researcher is subjectively immersed in research topic

Quantitative

- AIM: classify features, count them, construct models in an attempt to explain that which is observed

- Researcher knows in advance what he/she looking for

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Document Summary

Longitudinal has there been a change in a. Experiment is the difference between a and b due to change in the independent variable. Purpose : exploratory, relevant variables for future research. Has there been a change in a. Relationship between 2 variables in one case. Purpose to observe change between 2 times points/over time: types. Purpose to establish consistency/difference among cases on a common basis (same variable) Relationship between 2 variables in two cases. Observing change between 2 time point/over time. Purpose discover how two entities change over time. Relationship between variables in one case, with two entities. Observing change between 2 groups over 2 periods )pre-test, post-test) I(cid:374)depe(cid:374)de(cid:374)t varia(cid:271)le is u(cid:374)der resear(cid:272)her"s (cid:373)a(cid:374)ipulatio(cid:374) (cid:894)(cid:272)o(cid:374)trol group(cid:895) Researcher has a rough idea in advance of what he/she looking for. Rich in nature, time consuming, limited generalizability. Researcher is subjectively immersed in research topic. Aim: classify features, count them, construct models in an attempt to explain that which is observed.

Related Questions

Part II 1.The California Occupational Mortality study data set was employed to assess mortality data for the years 1979-1981. A 2% sample of employed persons from the 1980 census of California was used. It contains the occupation of each person who had died. This study, like any occupation-based study, is restricted to the work life span as far as age of subjects is concerned. This study used ages 16-64 years. Certain persons, because of their source of work, were excluded as subjects: homemakers, retired persons, students, disabled, military personnel, etc. Only main-stream-type employment was used in this study to establish occupations at risk for heavy alcohol drinking. Using the Table below, answer the following:

1.What occupations are most vulnerable to acquiring cirrhosis of the liver from heavy drinking?

2.List several of the occupations identified by the research studies that are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced, cirrhosis related deaths and that have the highest mortality rates.

3. What are possible confounding variables for the research in occupations and heavy drinking that lead to fatal diseases?

4. Based on available research data, develop and construct a web of causation along with the appropriate decision trees for occupational group-related alcohol deaths.

Table. Alcohol Related Deaths in California, 1979-1981 Cirrhosis 5.5% Digestive organ cancers 5.7% Injuries 13.7% Suicide and homicide 5.% All other causes 64.9% 2. Zika and microcephaly Since May 2015,

Brazil has experienced a significant outbreak of Zika virus. In recent years, Brazilian officials reported an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly.

1. Briefly describe what we know and what we do not know about Zika virus.

2. What has been done and what should be done to prevent Zika virus epidemic in US and world-wide?

Multiple Choice

5. Which of the following statements describes the major advantages of a randomized clinical trial? a. It avoids observer bias b. It lends itself to ethical justification c. It yields results replicable in other patients d. It rules out self-selection of participants to the different treatment groups d. It enrolls representative patients

6. A survey conducted in England revealed that of 224 families in which there had been a known case of poliomyelitis, 56 maintained parakeets as a family pet. In another British survey, 30 out of 99 poliomyelitis patients questioned kept parakeets. The inference that there is some relationship between the presence of a parakeet in a household and the occurrence of poliomyelitis among household members is a. Correct b. Incorrect because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence c. Incorrect because a proportionate ratio is used when a rate is required to support the inference d. Incorrect because a failure to recognize a possible cohort phenomenon e. Incorrect because there is no control or comparison group.

7. An investigator determines the correlation coefficient between triglyceride levels and degree of atherosclerosis in sampled blood vessels to be +1.67. On the basis of this you would conclude that: a. Triglyceride level is a good predictor of atherosclerosis b. Triglyceride level is not a good predictor of atherosclerosis c. High triglyceride levels cause atherosclerosis d. Atherosclerosis cause high triglyceride levels e. The investigator has incorrectly determined the correlation coefficient

8. A screening test of known sensitivity and specificity is applied to two populations. The prevalence of the disease being screened for is 10% in population A and is 1% in population B. Which of the following is true? a. The percent of all negative tests that have false-negative results is lower in population A than in population B. b. Specificity is lower in population A than in population B. c. Reliability is higher in population A than in population B. d. The percent of all positive tests that have false-positive results is lower in population A than in population B. e. Specificity is higher in population A than in population B.

9. Serum cholesterol levels are obtained for four healthy men. The probability that all will fall below the 10th percentile of the distribution of cholesterol for healthy males is: a. 0.4 b. 1 â (0.1)4 c. (0.1)4 d. (0.9)4 e. Cannot be determined from these data

10. In a diabetes screening program, the screening level for a positive blood sugar level in test 1 is set at 160 mg/dl, and in test 2 at 130 mg/dl. The sensitivity is: a. Greater in test 1 b. Greater in test 2 c. Equal in test 1 and 2 d. Dependent on the size of the population being evaluated

ENT 526 Chapter 3: chapter 3 notes

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