NSE 13A/B Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Bronchus, Hypoventilation, Hyperventilation

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Landmarks: thoracic cage: bony structure with conical shape. 12 pairs of ribs: first seven ribs directly attached to sternum via costal cartilage, 8, 9, 10 attach to the costal cartilage above, 11 and 12 are floating with free palpable tips. Anterior thoracic landmarks: suprasternal notch: hollow u shaped depression just above sternum, inbetween clavicles, sternum: (breastbone) Xiphoid process (bottom: sternal angle: articulation of manubrium and body of sternum. Few cm below suprasternal notch: costal angle: right and left costal margins from angle where they meet xiphoid process. Barrel chest: greater angle than 90 degrees, diaphragm flattens. Posterior thoracic landmarks: vertebra prominens: start at base of neck. Flex head and feel for most prominent body protrusion. C7 (upper) t1 (lower) bony protrusions: spinous processes: aligns w/ ribs until t4 (t4 beyond ribs angle downwards) Inferior border of scapula: located symmetrically in each hemithorax.

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