PSY 105 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Rosalie Rayner, Albert Bandura, Little Albert Experiment
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Chapter 6
Perspectives of Psychology
Names to Remember
•Ivan Pavlov
•B.F. Skinner
•John B. Watson
•Albert Bandura
What Is Learning?
•Definition : Modification (or change), that is relatively permanent, in behaviours of a
learner.
Exceptions
1) Biological or genetic automatic behaviour: eating, maturation,…
2) Temporary state: Drugs, fatigue
Habituation:
•Gradual reduction in responding to an event that repeats itself but that is not important to
the organism.
•The simplest form of learning
•The aplysia and nematode are able to habituate.
•Saves energy and time.
John B. Watson, Father of Modern Behaviourism :
“Psychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural
science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no
essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness
with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness.”
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John B. Watson
“Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in
and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I
might select – doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant-chief and, yes, even beggar-man and thief,
regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors. I
am going beyond my facts and I admit it, but so have the advocates of the contrary and they have
been doing it for many thousands of years.”
John B. Watson continued :
•Classic study with Rosalie Rayner: Little Albert at 11 months
–Association between unpleasant noise & rat
–Conditioned emotional response
–Generalization of fear to everything that was white and furry
Classical Conditioning :
•Pavlov discovered it quite by accident
•Dog: hearing the researcher’s walking in the hallway is enough to get them ready
•You could replace conditioned by LEARNED
•Unconditioned = UNLEARNED or innate or natural
•
Extinction & Spontaneous Recovery :
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