SOC 104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3-4: Antonio Gramsci, William Fielding Ogburn, Cultural Universal

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Sociology
• Course: SOC 104
• Professor: Stephen Muzzatti

Document Summary

000 years ago, including ceremonies for death, marriage, etc cultural universals: common practices + beliefs, sometimes adaptations to meet essential human needs. Diffusion: when a cultural item is spread between societies; happens through exploration, military conquest, missionary work, mass media, internet, tourism. Globalization: worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements. William ogburn: material culture = physical/technological aspects of daily life, e. g. food, technology transmits culture and makes globalization easier houses, raw items. Non-material culture = ways of using material objects + customs, beliefs, philosophies; also more resistant to change than material culture (cid:272)(cid:396)eated (cid:862)(cid:272)ultu(cid:396)e lag(cid:863): pe(cid:396)iod of (cid:373)al-adjustment when non-material culture is adapting to new material positions. Language: abstract system of word meanings for all aspects of culture; speech, written characters, symbols, numerals, non-verbal (gestures + expressions) Pe(cid:396)(cid:373)eates all pa(cid:396)ts of so(cid:272)iet(cid:455); (cid:272)e(cid:396)tai(cid:374) (cid:272)ultu(cid:396)al skills e. g. legal s(cid:455)ste(cid:373)s (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t (cid:271)e learned without the use of language indicates priorities of a culture e. g. english language operates in terms of war.