BISC 102 Chapter 24.1: BISC 102 Chapter 24.1 Notes

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Typological thinking: the idea that species are unchanging types and that variations within species are unimportant or even misleading. Plato: every organism was an example of perfect essence, or type, created by god and that these types were unchanging. Aristotle: great chain of being, species were organized into a sequence based on size and complexity. Some species are higher (more complex or better) than others. Proposed formal theory of evolution that species are not static but change through time. Darwin and wallace and natural selection: emphasized that evolution occurs because traits vary among individuals in a population. Population: inidividuals of same species living in same area at the same time. Was a radical break from typological thinking that dominated scientific thougth since plato. Darwin claimed variation among individuals in a population was key to understanding nature of species (population thinking) Overturned idea that species are static and unchanging.

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