BPK 110 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Dietary Fiber, Amylase, Maltase
19 Sep 2012
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2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen for one carbon (ch2o) Simple carbohydrates: monosaccharides (1 sugar) & disaccharides (2) Glucose: most abundant in nature; used for the brain. Galactose: usually chemically bonded with glucose to form lactose. Maltose: rarely in foods; formed when starch breaks down. Chains of two or more sugar molecules. Oligosaccharides: short carbohydrate chains of 3-10 sugar molecules. Polysaccharides: long carbohydrate chains of monosaccharides physiological benefit, total fiber: sum of dietary and functional fiber. Starch: stored as amylose (unbranched) & amylopectin (branches) Glycogen: animal starch; stored in liver and skeletal muscle. Fiber: dietary fiber: nondigestible, functional fiber: nondigestible, Glucose and galactose depend on active transport mechanism. Fructose absorption slower than glucose or galactose. Stores excess glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscle. Also needs carbohydrates to break down fats, without carbohydrates, body produces ketone bodies, can cause a condition called ketosis. Blood sugar levels too high cause confusion and slug behavior. Blood sugar levels too low causes weakness.
