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ECON 103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Futures Exchange, Marginal Cost, Demand Curve

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scarletcicada217
12 May 2016
School
Simon Fraser University
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 103
Professor
Vasyl Golovetskyy

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Document Summary

Chapter 10: 10. 1 market equilibrium (page 244) Graphically, the consumer"s surplus is the difference between the height of their demand curve and the price they faced. When the supply/demand curve shift, there is a new equilibrium. Our model assumes that this movement is instantaneous. Hence there are no dynamic movements in prices- the market moves immediately from one equilibrium to another: 10. 2 shifts in supply and demand (page 245) Increases in demand lead to movements along the supply curve, an increased equilibrium price, and an increased equilibrium quantity. Increases in supply lead to movements along the demand curve, an increased equilibrium quantity, but a decreased equilibrium price. Prices are determined by supply and demand (page 248) A futures market is where people agree on contracts today to deliver a certain quantity at a given price, in the future. This future price is today"s best guess at what the price will be in the future.

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Related Questions

The primary difference between a change in supply and a change in the quantity supplied is:
Choose one answer.
a. a change in quantity supplied is a shift in the supply curve, and a change in supply is a movement along the supply curve.
b. both a change in quantity supplied and a change in supply are movements along the supply curve, only in different directions.
c. a change in quantity supplied is a movement along the supply curve, and a change in supply is a shift of the supply curve.
d. a change in supply is a movement to the left along the supply curve and a change in quantity supplied is a movement to the right along the supply curve.

Question 2
What is the difference between a shortage and scarcity?
Choose one answer.
a. Scarcity will always exist because choices must be made, but a shortage will only exist if the price is kept below the equilibrium level.
b. Scarcity is a result of two or more alternative uses and will always exist, and quantities of supply and demand adjusting to flexible prices will create shortages.
c. A surplus will exist when a good is scarce; a shortage merely implies that there isn't as much of something as people would like, which is nearly always the case.
d. There is no distinction between the two. They are the same thing.

Question 3
A decrease in supply means:
Choose one answer.
a. a shift to the left of the entire supply curve.
b. moving downward (to the left) along the supply curve with lower prices.
c. less will be demanded at every price.
d. more will be supplied at every price.

Question 4
A decrease in demand, with no change in supply, will lead to ________ in equilibrium quantity and ________ in equilibrium price.
Choose one answer.
a. an increase; an increase
b. an increase; a decrease
c. a decrease; an increase
d. a decrease; a decrease

Question 5
After graduation from college you will receive a substantial increase in your income from a new job. If you decide that you will purchase more T-bone steak and less hamburger, then for you hamburger would be considered a( n ):
Choose one answer.
a. normal good.
b. substitute good.
c. complementary good.
d. inferior good.

Question 6
There is equilibrium in the market when:
Choose one answer.
a. there is no shortage.
b. there is no surplus.
c. price is established where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect.
d. all of the above are true.

Question 7
Which would not cause the supply curve to shift?
Choose one answer.
a. a change in technology
b. a change in factor costs
c. a change in the price of the good
d. a change in the prices of related goods

Question 8
Given that meat and potatoes are complementary goods, if the price of meat decreases substantially, there would be:
Choose one answer.
a. an increase in the demand for potatoes.
b. an increase in the quantity of potatoes demanded.
c. a decrease in the demand for potatoes.
d. no change in the demand for potatoes.

Question 9
Given that milk and cookies are complements, suppose the price of flour (an ingredient in cookies) rises. What happens in the market for milk?
Choose one answer.
a. The equilibrium price and quantity rise.
b. The equilibrium price rises and the equilibrium quantity falls.
c. The equilibrium price and quantity fall.
d. The equilibrium price falls and the equilibrium quantity rises.

Question 10



A temporary price of $2 in this market would result in:
Choose one answer.
a. a surplus of 8,000 bushels.
b. a shortage of 8,000 bushels.
c. a shortage of 10,000 bushels.
d. a surplus of 10,000 bushels.

Question 11
The price of oranges rises. What happens in the market for apples, which are a substitute for oranges?
Choose one answer.
a. The equilibrium price falls, and the equilibrium quantity rises.
b. The equilibrium price rises, and the equilibrium quantity falls.
c. The equilibrium price and quantity rise.
d. The equilibrium price and quantity fall.

Question 12
A market surplus occurs if the:
Choose one answer.
a. price is below the equilibrium price.
b. price is equal to the equilibrium price.
c. equilibrium price is above the actual price.
d. equilibrium price is below the actual price.

1.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a market?

A. Markets are physical locations where trading occurs
B. Voluntary exchanges between economic agents
C. Flexible prices
D. There are rules and arrangements for trading


2.
How would a decrease in supply affect the equilibrium price in a market?

A. The equilibrium price would remain the same
B. The equilibrium price decreases.
C. The equilibrium price increases.
D. More information is needed. It may increase, decrease, or remain the same.

How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a large increase in supply and a small increase in demand?

A. The equilibrium price would remain the same
B. The equilibrium price decreases.
C. The equilibrium price increases.
D. More information is needed. It may increase, decrease, or remain the same.

How would the equilibrium price in a market be affected if there were a large decrease in supply and a small decrease in demand?
A. The equilibrium price would remain the same
B. The equilibrium price decreases.
C. The equilibrium price increases.
D. More information is needed. It may increase, decrease, or remain the same.

4.
What does it mean to say that we are running out of "cheap oil"?
A. That there are declining reserves of low-quality oil, but there is still plenty of high-quality oil remaining.
B. That world demand for oil is declining , which will raise the price of oil in the future.
C. That we will soon seplete all the world's oil reserves, which will cause the price of oil to increase significantly.
D. That oil reserves are becoming more expensive to find and extract over time.

What doese this imply for the price of oil in the future?
A. the demand for oil will increase, which will lead to lower prices in the future.
B. the demand for oil will decrease, which will lead to higher prices in the future.
C. The supply of oil will increase, which will lead to lower prices in the future.
D. The supply of oil will decrease, which will lead to higher prices in the future.


5.
What is meant by holding all else equal and how is this concept used when discussing movements along the demand curve?
A. everything else in the economy is held constant, including the price of the good.
B. All variables that can affect the demand for the good are held constant.
C. All variables in the model are set to equal values.
D. All of the above.

We make the assumption of holding all else equal when considering demand curves since we want to focus on the changes in the quantity demanded that result from changes in [ only the price of a good / only the income of consumers / the price of a good and incomes ]

Please review the following work and correct me if I have mixed up the concepts of movements and shifts of supply and demand curves. Feel free to copy and edit/correct my mistakes. I'll be waiting. Thanks in advance!!

Changes in price dictate movements along demand curves. When a decrease in demand or the quality demanded occurs it's a safe bet that it's correlated to a price increase, which in turn leads to a resultant surplus of that particular commodity in the marketplace.  This is because decreased demand means less of that commodity being sold. On the other hand, a price decrease usually leads to an increase in the demand for a particular commodity, or an increase in sales, which in turn leads to a shortage of that commodity in the marketplace.

To shift the demand curve itself, changes need to occur in other aspects of the market beyond simply a change in the price of a commodity. For example, an increase in income means the consumers have more disposable income. With more disposable income, demand for commodities will increase, and results in a shift of the demand curve itself. In this example, the demand curve would shift right. On the opposite side of the coin, cost increases due to production or losses in efficiency may decrease the side of supply, shifting the demand curve to the left.

Analogous to shifts in the demand curve, shifts along a supply curve occur when prices change as well. When the cost to produce a commodity increases, supply drops, and the supply curve shifts to the left. If the cost of production drops, and supply increases, the supply curve shifts to the right as demand develops.

Pharmaceutical supply and demand is an easy way to understand these concepts.

Drug demand increases: Price decreases, supplies decrease.

Drug demand decreases: Price increases, supplies increase.

Drug supply increases: Production costs drop, demand drops.

Drug supply decreases: Production costs increase, demand increases.

"But where and how do movements and shifts occur in the above?"