ECON 104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Income Tax, Negative Number, Payroll Tax

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brownjellyfish207

22 Apr 2016

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Economics

Course

ECON 104

Professor

Vasyl Golovetskyy

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Document Summary

Price elasticity of demand is negative number: easy to confuse thus drop negative sign and report elasticity as a positive number. If (absolute value) elasticity of demand is large number, then quantity demand is sensitive to price: increase price leads to big decrease in demand. If elasticity of demand is small number, then quantity demand is insensitive to price: increase price lead to small decrease in demand. Elasticity of supply measures the response of quantity supplied of a good to change in price of that good. Formally, it"s the percent change in quantity supplied divided by % change in price. Price elasticity of supply is a positive number. Can be avoided (causes economic losses that aren"t offset by gains) Second law of demand: when price change, the consumers are more responsive to it, in long run that in short run i. e. increase $, substitutes needed and this requires time.

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Discussion #1

The law of demand states that a fall in the price of a good raises the quantity demanded, and the increase in price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. Demand for a good is said to be elastic if the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price. Demand is said to be inelastic if the quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in the price, which indicates that the percentage in price is greater than the percentage in quantity demanded.

However, the extent of responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price depends on the nature of a particular good or service in the market. The price elasticity of demand partly depends on the availability of close substitutes. When a large number of substitutes are available, consumers respond to a higher price of a good by buying more of the substitute goods and less of the relatively more expensive good. In addition, goods or services that are considered necessities tend to have less elastic (more inelastic) demand, whereas goods or services that are considered luxuries have more elastic (less inelastic) demands.

Explain why the demand for the good or service provided by the organization you work for is elastic or inelastic. How does this influence pricing decisions?
Provide examples on how the availability of close substitutes affects price elasticity of demand.
Give specific examples of necessities or luxuries, and explain how they affect price elasticity of goods or services.

Please answer ALL bulletins and place the answers under the correct bulletin.

1) If the supply curve is relatively flat, then the price elasticity of supply will be:

a. relatively large. b. relatively low. c. negative. d. decreasing at an increasing rate.

2)Last semester there were 5000 parking spaces available on campus. The price of a parking permit was $80 per semester, and the quantity demanded equaled the quantity supplied at this price. Suppose the number of parking spaces increases by 10% and the elasticity of demand for parking is 0.5. Parking Services should ________ the price of a permit by ________ to guarantee that quantity demanded will equal quantity supplied.

a. decrease; 10% b. decrease; 20% c. decrease; 5% d. increase; 10%

3)Two goods are complements if the: Select one:

a. price elasticity of each is greater than one. b. income elasticity of each is negative. c. cross-price elasticity is negative. d. cross-price elasticity is positive.

4)Suppose the price elasticity of supply for rocking chairs is 1.2 and the price increases by 20%. The quantity supplied will increase by ________ %. Select one:

a. 20 b. 24 c. 18 d. 12

5)The price elasticity of demand for gasoline is 0.5 and the price elasticity of supply for gasoline is 1.1. If demand rises by 25%, the price of gasoline will: Select one:

a. rise by 15.6%. b. fall by 15.6%. c. rise by 6.4%. d. fall by 6.4%.

6)The price elasticity of demand for wheat bread is 2.1 and the price elasticity of supply for wheat bread is 1.6. If demand falls by 20%, the price of wheat bread will: Select one:

a. rise by 5.41%. b. fall by 5.41%. c. rise by 18.5%. d. fall by 18.5%.

7)Good X and good Y are substitutes if the: Select one:

a. income elasticity of each is negative. b. income elasticity of each is positive. c. cross-price elasticity is negative. d. cross-price elasticity is positive.

tanhamster117

1. The concept of price elasticity of demand measures:

a. the slope of the demand curve.

b. the number of buyers in a market.

c. the extent to which the demand curve shifts as the result of a price decline.

d. the sensitiveness of quantities demanded to price changes.

2. When the percentage change in price is less than the resulting percentage change in quantity demanded:

a. demand is elastic.

b. demand is inelastic.

c. demand is unit elastic.

d. none of the above.

3. The elasticity of demand:

a. will be the same at each price-quantity combination on a stable demand curve.

b. tends to be elastic in high-price ranges and inelastic in low-price ranges.

c. tends to be inelastic in high-price ranges and elastic in low-price ranges.

d. is infinitely large for a perfectly inelastic demand curve.

4. Suppose that as the price of Y falls from $2.00 to $1.80 the quantity of Y demanded increases from 110 to 121. It can be concluded that the price elasticity of demand is: _______.

5. Total revenue rises as the price of a good increases if price elasticity of demand is:

a. unitary elastic

b. perfectly inelastic.

6. The demand for such products as salt, bread, and electricity tend to be:

a. relatively price elastic.

b. relatively price inelastic.

c. of unit price elasticity.

d. perfectly price elastic.

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ECON 104 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Income Tax, Negative Number, Payroll Tax

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