MBB 222 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1: Recombinant Dna, Cell Membrane, Antimicrobial Resistance

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Animal cells are a type of eukaryotic cell and contain numerous intracellular membrane- bound compartments, which create microenvironments for biochemical reactions. Membrane-bound organelles in all types of eukaryotic cells include mitochondria, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, which are subcellular sites for speci c metabolic reactions. Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that contain chloroplasts, which convert light energy into chemical energy by the process of photosynthesis. Plant cells also contain large vacuoles, which are responsible for maintaining metabolite pools. The plasma membrane of plant cells is surrounded by a cell wall consisting of cellulose, which provides structural integrity to the plant. The cytoplasm also contains proteins involved in cell division and the assembly of extracellular structures, such as flagella and pili, which are used for cell movement. Many types of bacteria contain one or more circular dna molecules called plasmids, which may encode genes involved in cell mating or antibiotic resistance. The plasmid replicates independently of the bacterial chromosome.

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