EAS201 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8+9: Karst, Glacial Lake, Drainage Basin

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Natural cycle of water movement at or near the surface of the earth: condensation is one of the most important energy mechanism in the hydrological cycle. Water exists in 3 phases at the earth"s surface: liquid: water, solid: ice, snow, hail, gas: water vapour, aka latent heat. Water molecule of h20: bond mainly covalent, but electrons spend more time near oxygen. Miscible fluid: excellent solvent of ionic and polar substances ph changes amount of h+ ions in a fluid. Given by ph = -log (concentration of h+) Ocean (97. 5% of all water in the earth system) Surface fresh water: of the remaining unfrozen fresh water ~98. 5% resides here, lakes, streams. Major transport mechanism of sediments: un-channelled flow = overland or sheet flow, channelled flow = streams. Streams are organized in river systems: tributaries typically merge downstream, area drained by a major river and its tributaries, separated by drainage divides, every stream is surrounded by one.

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