PEDS302 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Ossification, Blood Vessel, Biological System
23 Feb 2015
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It is important to know: the average pattern of change within each system, the range of individual variations for a system, rate limiting constraints. Skeletal system: embryo: cartilage model, ossification: primary (prenatal), secondary (postnatal, girls ossify faster, complete earlier, scoliosis 11:1 ratio. Postnatal growth in the skeletal system: length: secondary centers, epiphyseal, growth, or pressure epiphyses, diameter: appositional. Skeletal system in adults: bone undergoes remodeling throughout the life span, old bone is absorbed, new bone formed. In adulthood, bone growth slows, fails to keep pace with reabsorption: bone becomes more brittle. Skeletal structure in adulthood: structure itself changes little unless one has osteoporosis. Muscles increase in diameter and length by addition of sarcomeres. Differences between the sexes become marked in adolescence (especially in upper body musculature). Cardiac muscle: prenatally, the heart grows by hyperplasia and hypertrophy. 3: postnatally, heart follows sigmoid pattern, heart and blood vessel size is appropriate for body size in childhood and adolescence.
