PSYCO258 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Insular Cortex, Deductive Reasoning, Neuroeconomics
3 Apr 2016
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No t e b o o k: cognitive psych. Reasoning: cognitive processes by which people start with information and come to conclusions that go beyond that information. Inductive reasoning: reasoning in which a conclusion follows from a consideration of evidence. Anytime we make a prediction about what will happen based on what has happened in the past, we are using inductive reasoning. Conclusions reached through inductive reasoning are probably, not definitely, true. Some factors contributing to the strength of an inductive argument are: The availability heuristic: events that are more easily remembered are judged to be more probable than events that are less easily remembered. Stereotype: an oversimplified generalization about a group or class of people that often focuses on negative characteristics. The representativeness heuristic: the probability that event a comes from class b can be determined by how well a resembles the properties of class b. Base rate: the relative proportions of different classes in a population.
