CHEM 203 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Reaction Quotient, Reversible Reaction, Equilibrium Constant

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2 Dec 2018

School

University of Calgary

Department

Chemistry

Course

CHEM 203

Professor

Yuen-ying Carpenter

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Document Summary

While chemical reactions are often written saying they proceed in one direction, all chemical reactions are actually reversible. However, the chance in which a reverse reaction occurs may be lower than the likelihood a forward reaction would occur (which is why they are written with a single arrow ) Chemical equilibrium is a state of a reaction in which the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rates, making the concentrations of the products and reactants remain constant. If we want to talk about either a forward or backward reaction component of a reversible reaction, we simply use a single arrow. likely one way as the other. These are then written with an equilibrium arrow aa + bb cc + dd. Reaction quotient (q) : a measure of the relative amounts of products and reactants present in a reaction at a given time. Using the general reversible reaction equation, it can be written as.

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Learning Goal:

To understand the relationship between the equilibrium constant and rate constants.

For a general chemical equation

A+B?C+D

the equilibrium constant can be expressed as a ratio of the concentrations:

Kc=[C][D][A][B]

If this is an elementary chemical reaction, then there is a single forward rate and a single reverse rate for this reaction, which can be written as follows:

forward ratereverse rate==kf[A][B]kr[C][D]

where kf and kr are the forward and reverse rate constants, respectively. When equilibrium is reached, the forward and reverse rates are equal:

kf[A][B]=kr[C][D]

Thus, the rate constants are related to the equilibrium constant in the following manner:

Kc=kfkr=[C][D][A][B]

Part A

For a certain reaction, Kc = 7.37

Learning Goal:

To determine equilibrium concentrations from initial conditions.

The reversible reaction

XY(aq)âX(aq)+Y(aq)

has a reaction quotient Qc defined as

Qc=[X][Y][XY]

Because the reaction is reversible, both the forward and reverse reactions will occur simultaneously. The reaction will eventually reach equilibrium, at which point the concentrations do not change, and Qc is equal to a constant known as Kc.

Part C

Based on a Kc value of 0.180 and the data table given, what are the equilibrium concentrations of XY, X, and Y, respectively?

Express the molar concentrations numerically.

CHEM 203 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Reaction Quotient, Reversible Reaction, Equilibrium Constant

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