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ECON 1050 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Microsoft, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly

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School
University of Guelph
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 1050
Professor
Eveline Adomait

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Document Summary

Economic decisions produce and sell goods and services. What to produce and in what quantities. How to organize and compensate its managers and workers. How to market and price its products. What to produce itself and buy from others. Is the cost of entrepreneurship and is an opportunity cost of production. Technological efficiency: least amount of inputs (quantities of labour, capital) Economic efficiency: (costs of labour, capital) Is a method of organizing production that uses a market-like. When there are many firms, each selling an identical product. Many buyers and no restrictions on the entry of new firms into the industry. Ex: the worldwide markets for corn, wheat, rice, and other grain products. When there is one firm only, which produces a good or service that has no close. The firm is protected by a barrier preventing new firms to enter the market. When a large number of firms compete by making similar but slightly different.

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Related Questions

True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 1. The average fixed cost curve increases as output increases over a relevant range of production.

____ 2. Average revenue is slightly higher than price.

____ 3. Marginal cost curves and average cost curves are both purely upward sloping.

____ 4. A firm that sells at a price below average cost is not making a normal profit.

____ 5. In the short run, it is possible for a perfectly competitive firm to make economic profits or economic losses.

____ 6. If a firm sells its output at a price greater than AC, it will earn economic profit.

____ 7. Zero profit in the economic sense means that firms are earning a normal rate of return.

____ 8. In a free market (laissez-faire) system, the price mechanism dictates the production planning (how to produce) decisions.

____ 9. Free markets produce relatively high levels of efficiency but low rates of growth.

____ 10. A natural monopoly occurs when a single firm can produce the entire output of the market at a lower average cost than could many firms.

The Production Possibilities Model is one of the first Economic Models students learn about.

a. Please explain what the mode teaches us.

b. Please explain each of the 4 assumptions of the model.

c. Please explain Productive Efficiency and how it relates to the PPC.

i. Define it and explain how it relates to the PPC.

d. Please explain Allocative Efficiency and how the point of AE is found.

i. Define it, ii. Discuss the significance of allocative efficiency relative to the model iii. Explain the 2 step process for finding the point of allocative efficiency on the PPC.

e. On the topic of Economic growth: i. What does it mean? ii. How can it be graphically represented? iii. What are the prerequisites to Economic growth? iv. Why is Economic growth important? v. What factors tend to limit growth?

f. The Presentvilleย  Futureville case:

1. Explain what motivates each group to make decisions.

2. Explain the impact of those decisions on the future of each group.

3. Explain the relevance of this case for the U.S. Economy. 4. What does this case teach you? g. Law of increasing opportunity cost: 1. What does it tell us? 2. How could it be explained graphically? h. Explain how you could use the Production Possibility Model to represent the US Economy during 2008 - 2010.

A. A competitive firm

  1. can consider only its location in setting the price.
  2. must base its competitive price on product differentiation.
  3. has the ability to set its own price.
  4. must accept the price determined by the intersection of the market supply and demand curves.
  5. has no supply curve.

B.ย If a firm is making an economic profit, then

  1. the factors of production are being paid their opportunity costs.
  2. there will be no change in the number of firms if the industry is perfectly competitive.
  3. the factors of production are being paid less than their opportunity costs.
  4. the factors of production are being paid more than their opportunity costs.
  5. the firm will exit the industry

C.ย Along a downward-sloping monopoly demand curve,

  1. marginal revenue is greater than price.
  2. the elasticity of demand is constant.
  3. marginal revenue decreases when the price decreases.
  4. marginal revenue is equal to zero when the price is equal to zero

D.ย If, in the short run, a perfectly competitive firm is producing at a point where the total cost is greater than total revenue, then the firm should

  1. shut down because economic profits are negative.
  2. continue to produce as long as P > AVC.
  3. continue to produce because accounting profits are positive.
  4. set a higher price for its output.
  5. set a lower price for its output

E.ย For a perfectly competitive firm, the demand curve is

  1. the marginal revenue curve.
  2. perfectly inelastic.
  3. always equal to marginal cost.
  4. the same as the market demand curve

F.ย A firm in a(n) industry will have the most elastic demand curve

  1. monopolistic
  2. oligopolistic
  3. monopolistically competitive
  4. perfectly competitive

G.ย If the demand curve of a monopolist is in the inelastic range, then

  1. total revenue will fall if the price increases.
  2. total revenue will be unchanged if the price increases.
  3. total revenue will rise if the price increases.
  4. the total supply will increase by an equal amount if demand increases.
  5. the price will be unchanged if total revenue increases

H. Monopolistic competition and oligopoly are examples of

  1. monopoly.
  2. perfect competition.
  3. theories of consumer behavior.
  4. imperfect competition.
  5. the extreme cases on the market structure continuum

I.ย Under which market structure do firms face the flattest (most elastic) demand curve?

  1. perfect competition
  2. monopolistic competition
  3. oligopoly
  4. monopoly

J.ย At the point of long-run equilibrium for a perfectly competitive firm,

  1. economic profits are zero.
  2. TR > TC.
  3. TR < TC.
  4. P = AVC.
  5. normal profits are zero.