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ECON 1050 Chapter 12: Economics-1 (1) (dragged) 6

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salmoneagle674
17 Sep 2016
School
University of Guelph
Department
Economics
Course
ECON 1050
Professor
Eveline Adomait

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Document Summary

A decrease in demand has the opposite effects to those just described and shown in figure 12. 10. A decrease in demand shifts the demand curve leftward. The price falls and the quantity decreases. The short-run market supply curve shifts leftward. As the market supply decreases, the price stops falling and starts to rise. With a rising price, each firm increases its output as it moves along up its marginal cost curve (supply curve) A new long-run equilibrium occurs when the price has risen to equal minimum atc. Firms make zero economic profit, and firms have no incentive to exit the market. In the new equilibrium, a smaller number of firms produce the equilibrium quantity. Starting from a long-run equilibrium, when a new technology becomes available that lowers production costs, the first firms to use it make economic profit.

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Related Questions

Please review the following work and correct me if I have mixed up the concepts of movements and shifts of supply and demand curves. Feel free to copy and edit/correct my mistakes. I'll be waiting. Thanks in advance!!

Changes in price dictate movements along demand curves. When a decrease in demand or the quality demanded occurs it's a safe bet that it's correlated to a price increase, which in turn leads to a resultant surplus of that particular commodity in the marketplace.  This is because decreased demand means less of that commodity being sold. On the other hand, a price decrease usually leads to an increase in the demand for a particular commodity, or an increase in sales, which in turn leads to a shortage of that commodity in the marketplace.

To shift the demand curve itself, changes need to occur in other aspects of the market beyond simply a change in the price of a commodity. For example, an increase in income means the consumers have more disposable income. With more disposable income, demand for commodities will increase, and results in a shift of the demand curve itself. In this example, the demand curve would shift right. On the opposite side of the coin, cost increases due to production or losses in efficiency may decrease the side of supply, shifting the demand curve to the left.

Analogous to shifts in the demand curve, shifts along a supply curve occur when prices change as well. When the cost to produce a commodity increases, supply drops, and the supply curve shifts to the left. If the cost of production drops, and supply increases, the supply curve shifts to the right as demand develops.

Pharmaceutical supply and demand is an easy way to understand these concepts.

Drug demand increases: Price decreases, supplies decrease.

Drug demand decreases: Price increases, supplies increase.

Drug supply increases: Production costs drop, demand drops.

Drug supply decreases: Production costs increase, demand increases.

"But where and how do movements and shifts occur in the above?"

QUESTION 1

The demand for oranges increases while the supply decreases. The equilibrium price of oranges ________, and the equilibrium quantity ________.

falls; increases

falls; perhaps changes but we can't say if it increases, decreases, or stays the same

rises; decreases

rises; perhaps changes but we can't say if it increases, decreases, or stays the same

1 points

QUESTION 2

Assume a competitive market is in equilibrium. There is an increase in demand, but no change in supply. As a result the equilibrium price ________, and the equilibrium quantity is ________.

rises; increases

falls; decreases

falls; does not change

rises; does not change

1 points

QUESTION 3

Bagels and cream cheese are complementary goods. Suppose that the price for flour, which is used to produce bagels, increases. The equilibrium price of cream cheese ________ and the equilibrium quantity of cream cheese ________.

does not change; does not change

rises; increases

falls; decreases

rises; decreases

1 points

QUESTION 4

If consumers buy a large number of plug-in electric cars, the equilibrium price of electricity will ________ and the equilibrium quantity of electricity will ________.

rise; increase

rise; decrease

fall; increase

fall; decrease

1 points

QUESTION 5

Which of the following shifts the supply curve for oranges?

an increase in income for all orange consumers if oranges are a normal good

disastrous weather that destroys about half of this year's orange crop

an increase in the price of bananas, a substitute in consumption for oranges

a newly discovered increase in the nutritional value of oranges

1 points

QUESTION 6

Which of the following shifts the supply curve of rutabagas rightward? (A rutabaga is a potato-like vegetable.)

normal goods in production.

an exceptionally cold summer that killed much of the rutabaga crop.

a fall in the price of fertilizer used to grow rutabagas.

an increase in the price of a rutabaga

1 points

QUESTION 7

Suppose over the next several years the productivity of firms producing electric cars improves dramatically. The advance in productivity leads to

an increase in the supply electric cars so that the supply curve shifts rightward.

an increase in the supply of electric cars so that the supply curve shifts leftward.

a decrease in the supply of electric cars so that the supply curve shifts rightward.

a decrease in the supply of electric cars so that the supply curve shifts leftward.

1 points

QUESTION 8

Hot dogs and hot dog buns are complements. If the price of a hot dog falls, then

the demand for hot dogs will increase.

the demand for hot dog buns will decrease.

the quantity demanded of hotdogs will decrease.

the demand for hot dog buns will increase.

1 points

QUESTION 9

Demand curves slope ________ because as the price increases and other things remain the same, the quantity demanded ________.

upward; increases

downward; decreases

upward; decreases

downward; increases

1 points

QUESTION 10

Water bottlers announce that next month the price of bottled water will rise by 25 percent. Which of the following occurs immediately?

The quantity of bottled water demanded increases.

The demand for bottled water increases.

The quantity of bottled water demanded decreases.

The demand for bottled water decreases.

1 points

QUESTION 11

If the price of carrots is below the equilibrium price, the

quantity supplied of carrots exceeds the quantity demanded and a shortage exists.

quantity demanded of carrots exceeds the quantity supplied and a shortage exists.

quantity supplied of carrots exceeds the quantity demanded and a surplus exists.

quantity demanded of carrots exceeds the quantity supplied and a surplus exists.

1 points

QUESTION 12

Which of the following is true regarding demand?
i. Demand is the relationship between quantity demanded and the price of a good when all other influences on buying plans remain the same.
ii. Demand refers to one quantity at one time.
iii. "Demand" and " quantity demanded" are the same thing.

both i and ii

i only.

ii only.

iii only.

1 points

QUESTION 13

Suppose the current price of a pound of steak is $6 per pound and the equilibrium price is $9 per pound. What takes place?

There is a shortage, so the price rises and quantity demanded decreases.

There is a shortage, so the price rises and quantity demanded increases.

There is a shortage, so the price falls and quantity demanded increases.

There is a surplus, so the price falls and quantity demanded increases.

1 points

QUESTION 14

The number of corn producers increases, so the supply of corn ________ and the supply curve of corn ________.

decreases; shifts leftward

decrease; shifts rightward

increases; shifts rightward

increases; shifts leftward

1 points

QUESTION 15

Market equilibrium

i. can never occur because there are always people who want a good but cannot afford it.

ii. occurs at the intersection of the supply and demand curves.

iii. is the point where the price equals the quantity.

iii only

ii and iii

ii only

i only

1 points

QUESTION 16

Milk can be used to produce cheese or butter. If the price of a pound of butter rises, what happens to the supply of cheese?

The supply of cheese stays the same and there is a decrease in the quantity supplied of cheese.

The supply of cheese decreases.

The supply of cheese stays the same and there is no change in the quantity supplied of cheese.

The supply of cheese increases.

1 points

QUESTION 17

Consumers regard Dell computers and Apple computers as substitutes. If the price of a Dell computer decreases, the

demand for Dell computers decreases.

demand for Apple computers increases.

demand for Apple computers decreases.

demand for Dell computers increases.

1 points

QUESTION 18

Suppose the current price of a pound of steak is $12 per pound and the equilibrium price is $9 per pound. In this case, there is a

surplus, so the price rises and quantity demanded increases.

shortage, so the price rises and quantity demanded decreases.

surplus, so the price falls and quantity demanded increases.

shortage, so the price falls and quantity demanded increases.

1 points

QUESTION 19

Plywood is used in the construction of houses. If the price of plywood rises, what happens to the supply of houses?

The supply increases so that the supply curve shifts rightward.

The quantity supplied increases but there is no shift in the supply curve.

The supply decreases so that the supply curve shifts leftward.

The quantity supplied decreases but there is no shift in the supply curve.

1 points

QUESTION 20

In stores, it is common to find seasonal products marked down when the season ends. What explains this behavior?

The store is trying to increase its customers' demand for the product.

The law of demand is being used to increase the quantity demanded.

The store manager must be trying to drive away customers by selling low quality products.

The store is trying to increase its consumer's incomes by increasing their purchasing power.

1 points

QUESTION 21

Suppose that the price of flour used to produce bagels increases. Hence the equilibrium price of a bagel ________ and the equilibrium quantity ________.

rises; increases

rises; decreases

falls; increases

falls; decreases

1 points

QUESTION 22

If both the supply and demand curves shift simultaneously, we can always predict what will happen to

either the price or the quantity, but not both.

only the quantity.

only the price.

both the price and the quantity.

1 points

QUESTION 23

If income increases and the demand for bus rides decreases,

bus rides are a substitute good.

consumers are behaving irrationally.

bus rides are an inferior good.

bus rides are a normal good.

1 points

QUESTION 24

A surplus of cardboard boxes means that

at the current price of a cardboard box, the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied and the price will fall to restore the equilibrium..

the current price of a cardboard box is less than the equilibrium price.

at the current price of a cardboard box, the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied.

at the current price of a cardboard box, the quantity demanded is less than the quantity supplied.

1 points

QUESTION 25

If a freeze destroys oranges before they are harvested, the equilibrium price of an orange ________ and the equilibrium quantity ________.

rises; increases

rises; decreases

falls; increases

falls; decreases

1 points

Assume that the market for calculators is perfectly competitive and that calculator manufacturers are currently making an economic loss. As the calculator market moves to its long run equilibrium, we should see A. the entry of firms, causing a decrease in supply, an increase in market price, and an increase in losses. B. no change in the industry. Firms will keep producing the same output to minimize losses. c. the entry of firms, causing an increase in supply, a decrease in market price, and a decrease in losses D. the exit of firms, causing an increase in supply, a decrease in market price, and a decrease in losses. E, the exit of firms, causing a decrease in supply, an increase in market price, and a decrease in losses.