ENVS 2210 Chapter 13-16: Bees - Biology and Management, Chapters 13-16

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Environmental Sciences
• Course: ENVS 2210
• Professor: Ernesto Guzman

Document Summary

Heterotrophic rely largely on organic sources for the minerals they need depend on organic carbon for energy, and organic nitrogen and sulphur sources for proteins and body building. Honeybees are herbivorous heterotrophs attain almost all. Pollen contains: their nutrition from plants, mostly flowers, as nectar and pollen: 25% proteins, 10% free amino acids, 25% carbohydrates, remaining percentage is made up of varying amounts of lipids, enzymes, co-enzymes, pigments, vitamins, sterols, and minerals. Nectar a mostly sugary liquid or syrup transformed into honey which is mostly sugar fuel for activity! 10 amino acids are essential for honeybee growth: arginine, histidine, lysine, tryptophan, phenyalanine, methionine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, valine. Nectar is used by various insects, including honeybees, as the precursor to body fat used as the energy source for long distance migration. Many co-enzymes important in metabolism and interaction with enzymes, contain vitamins as part of their molecular structure thus pollen is crucial as it is generally rich in vitamins.