FRHD 2040 Chapter 1: CH1
Early Schools for Young Children
• Martin Luther
o All boys should be educated
o Music and physical education should be integral parts of the curriculum
• John Comenius
o All children should attend school
o Integrated, hands-on curriculum
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Johann Pestalozzi
o Eduatioal deisios should e ade o the asis of the hild’s nature
o Rid schools of harsh punishment and rote learning
Key People in Early Childhood Education
• Friedrich Froebel
o Founder of kindergarten
o Everything in the universe functions in relationship to God
o Each person has a purpose to fulfill in life
o Pla is the foudatio of a hild’s learig
o Kindergarten was the bridge between home and school
o Play helps kids think about interactions between life and self-activity
o Materials found in nature help children explore the properties of matter and
understanding and understanding the relationships of the universe
o Occupations: folding paper, drawing, and weaving
o Thoughtless copying vs. deliberate imitation
o Arouse and maintain interest and attention
• Patty Smith Hill
o Free expression in art and music
o Emerging curriculum
o Iportae of the hild’s hoe ad the learig that took plae there
• John Dewey
o Progressive education movement
o Teacher centered
o Subject-matter orientation
o Should e ased o hildre’s iterests ad should iole children in active
experiences
o Children needed to be engaged in real and meaningful activities
o Development of an active curriculum that was integrated
o Encourage students to work in groups
• Lucy Sprague Mitchell
o Stimulating each child to unfold as fully as possible at their own pace
o Weloig idiidual hildre’s oersatio ad other fors of self-expression
o Promoting learning through play and through meaningful self-initiated or teacher-
initiated planned experiences and projects
o Individualizing
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o Avoiding teacher-given external rewards, because the reward of learning through
meaningful activity is in seeing a challenge and solving the problem oneself
o Group skills and cooperation
Other Influential people in Early Childhood Education
• G. Stanley Hall
o Focused on the nature of children
o More emphasis on free play and attention to physical health
• J. McVicker Hunt
o What we measure as intelligence is not fixed but rather responsive to experience
o Programs designed to provide experiences for children who might miss out otherwise
• Benjamin Bloom
o Stability and change in human characteristics
o Looked at intelligence over a period of time
o Bloo’s Taoo
▪ Simple recall, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating
o Mastery learning
▪ Some children need more time and more activities or guidance
▪ Learner can move at their own pace
• Abraham Maslow
o Motivation and personality
o Theor of learig that is foused o the learer’s eeds
o Unless the basic needs were met, learning would not be very difficult or not happen at
all
• Jerome Bruner
o Development of language, play, thinking, and curriculum
o Ke to good teahig is uderstadig the hild’s deelopet ad ho the see the
world to translate the subjet to soe for that fits the hild’s urret ies
Changes in Early Childhood Education
The Chile-Care Movement
• To prove shelter of mothers dependent on their own exertions for their daily bread
• Belief that mothers should take care of their own children
Kindergarten
• Attendance is not mandatory in most US states
Head Start
• Change the lives of poor children
• Plan to break the cycle of poverty
Programs for Children with Special Needs
• Every child is entitled to an education the least restricted environment
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Document Summary
Early schools for young children: martin luther, all boys should be educated, music and physical education should be integral parts of the curriculum. John comenius: all children should attend school. Jean-jacques rousseau and johann pestalozzi: edu(cid:272)atio(cid:374)al de(cid:272)isio(cid:374)s should (cid:271)e (cid:373)ade o(cid:374) the (cid:271)asis of the (cid:272)hild"s nature, rid schools of harsh punishment and rote learning. I(cid:373)porta(cid:374)(cid:272)e of the (cid:272)hild"s ho(cid:373)e a(cid:374)d the lear(cid:374)i(cid:374)g that took pla(cid:272)e there. Individualizing: avoiding teacher-given external rewards, because the reward of learning through meaningful activity is in seeing a challenge and solving the problem oneself, group skills and cooperation. Jerome bruner: development of language, play, thinking, and curriculum, ke(cid:455) to good tea(cid:272)hi(cid:374)g is u(cid:374)dersta(cid:374)di(cid:374)g the (cid:272)hild"s de(cid:448)elop(cid:373)e(cid:374)t a(cid:374)d ho(cid:449) the(cid:455) see the world to translate the subje(cid:272)t to so(cid:373)e for(cid:373) that fits the (cid:272)hild"s (cid:272)urre(cid:374)t (cid:448)ie(cid:449)s. The chile-care movement: to prove shelter of mothers dependent on their own exertions for their daily bread, belief that mothers should take care of their own children.