FRHD 2100 Chapter Notes - Chapter 17: Sexual Dysfunction, Social Stigma, Sex Education
1 Jun 2018
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FRHD*2100 (DE) Chapter 17
Page 1 of 14
Chapter 17: Sexual Coercion
Sexual Coercion
• Iludes a seual atiit etee an adult and a child
• Atual foe, o theat.
Sexual Assault
• “eual Assault
– Definition: any form of sexual activity forced on another person, or non-consensual
bodily contact for sexual purposes
– Replaed rape as the te used i the Caadia legal sste.
• Leel
– Define: any form of sexual activity forced on another person, or non-consensual
bodily contact for sexual purposes
– Touching, kissing, and oral, vaginal, and anal sex.
– Minor physical injury or no physical injury.
– Conviction is punishable by up to 10 years in prison.
• Leel
– Define: a sexual assault in which the perpetrator uses or threatens to use a weapon,
threatens the victi’s fieds o fail ees, auses odil ha to a thid pat, o
commits the assault with another person
– Punishable by up to 14 years in prison.
• Leel
– Define: a sexual assault that wounds, maims, or disfigures the victim or endangers the
victims life
– Conviction is punishable by up to life in prison.
• “eual assault
– There is no statute of limitations for persecution of sexual assault.
– A central issue is whether or not assault has occurred.
• A peso has to be capable of giving consent.
• “eual assault: Caadia la
– Considers sexual assault to be an act of power and dominance, rather than an act of
sex.
– Is gender-neutral with regard to sexual assault.
– Allows for sexual assault to e oitted agaist oe’s will.
– Allows for consent to be given to some activities but not to others.
– People with HIV can be charged with sexual assault if they do not disclose their status
to their partner.
• Iidee i Caada
– In Canada in 2013, the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) indicated that:
• Oe seual offees ee epoted to the polie.
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FRHD*2100 (DE) Chapter 17
Page 2 of 14
– The majority (98%) were Level 1 offences.
• Rates of epoted seual assault peaked i , hae sie declined
– Decline in rates of all three levels of sexual assault.
– Level 3 victimization rates are 4times greater for women than for men
– In Canada in 2013, the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) indicated that:
• Highest ates epoted to police occurred in Nunavut, Northwest Territories,
and Yukon.
• Loest epoted ates i Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec.
• Iidee of “eual Assault
– The General Social Survey (GSS) calculates self-reported crime rates with a
representative sample of Canadians aged 15 and older:
• iidets of seual assault i Caada.
• Most % ioled uated seual touhig, gaig, kissig, ad
fondling.
• i involved more serious sexual attacks.
• I oe oe-half of cases, victims and perpetrators knew each other.
• Most ioled female victims (70%) and male assailants (87%).
• Assault ates uh highe fo those aged –24.
• Repoted iidets of sexual assault per 1000 women in Canada.
– These data reveal that there is a large difference between the number of sexual
assaults reported to the police and those that actually take place.
– Researchers estimate that only 1/10 sexual assaults in Canada is reported to the
police.
– False allegations are rare.
– There is a rising incidence of drug-facilitated sexual assaults.
A World of Diversity
• Feale “eual Offedes
– Researchers estimate that women are responsible for 4 – 5% of all sexual offences.
– Little is known about female sex offenders.
• The ae less likel tha ales to use violence.
• The ae less likel tha ales to deny their actions.
• Ma hae ee phsiall o seuall aused as hilde.
• Aout oe-half acted in tandem with male offenders.
• Oe su-tpe is alled the teahe/loe.
• Tpes of “eual Assault
– Stranger sexual assault
• Define: a sexual assault committed by an assailant previously unknown to the
victim
• The assailat selets a taget ho sees uleale ad seeks out a safe tie
and place to attack.
• Aouts fo % of iidets epoted in 2007.
– Acquaintance Sexual Assault
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FRHD*2100 (DE) Chapter 17
Page 3 of 14
• The URC idiated that % of the seual assault victims in 2007 knew
their perpetrators in some way:
–51% were assaulted by friends/acquaintances
–28% were assaulted by family members .
–These assaults are less likely to be reported to police than assaults by
strangers.
– Date Sexual Assault
• Coo fo of auaitae seual assault.
• Moe likel to ou if the ouple has ee dikig ad paks i the a’s a
or goes to his home.
• The a teds to peeie his pate’s illigess to etu hoe ith hi as
a sign of sexual interest.
• “oe men interpret resistance as being coy or game-playing.
• Most people o’t foe o-consenting individuals to have sex.
• It a e oe hallegig fo the outs to deteie if oset as gie i
cases of established relationships.
• If a oa sas o ad a a foil iolates he, the she has ee
assaulted.
– Gang sexual assault
• The exercise of power appears to be the major motive behind gang sexual
assaults.
• “oe attakes a e epessig age agaist women.
• “eual assaults iolig goups of attakes ted to e oe iious tha
individual assaults.
• Relatiel fe suios of gag assaults epoted the attaks to polie o
sought support from rape-crisis centres.
– Sexual assault against males
• Rates ae fa loe tha seual assault ates agaist feales, ut ore
common than people assume.
• Aodig to G““ data, thee ee iidets of seual assault
committed against men in 2009.
• i 5 university men reported being coerced into sex in the previous year.
• Most seual assaults agaist e ae oitted othe e.
–Most attackers are heterosexual.
–Motives include domination, control, revenge, retaliation, sadism,
degradation, status/affiliation.
• Ous ofte i piso, ad outside of piso.
–Sports hazing rituals.
–The media has recently reported many cases of men in positions of
authority assaulting boys.
• Male suios may experience traumatic effects similar to those suffered by
female survivors.
– Sexual assault against gay and bisexual males
• Oe stud foud that % had ee foed o oeed ito haig se efoe
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Document Summary
Chapter 17: sexual coercion: i(cid:374)(cid:272)ludes a(cid:374)(cid:455) se(cid:454)ual a(cid:272)ti(cid:448)it(cid:455) (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) an adult and a child, a(cid:272)tual fo(cid:396)(cid:272)e, o(cid:396) th(cid:396)eat. Definition: any form of sexual activity forced on another person, or non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purposes. Repla(cid:272)ed (cid:862)rape(cid:863) as the te(cid:396)(cid:373) used i(cid:374) the ca(cid:374)adia(cid:374) legal s(cid:455)ste(cid:373). Define: any form of sexual activity forced on another person, or non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purposes. Touching, kissing, and oral, vaginal, and anal sex. Minor physical injury or no physical injury. Conviction is punishable by up to 10 years in prison. Define: a sexual assault in which the perpetrator uses or threatens to use a weapon, threatens the victi(cid:373)"s f(cid:396)ie(cid:374)ds o(cid:396) fa(cid:373)il(cid:455) (cid:373)e(cid:373)(cid:271)e(cid:396)s, (cid:272)auses (cid:271)odil(cid:455) ha(cid:396)(cid:373) to a thi(cid:396)d pa(cid:396)t, o(cid:396) commits the assault with another person. Punishable by up to 14 years in prison. Define: a sexual assault that wounds, maims, or disfigures the victim or endangers the victims life. Conviction is punishable by up to life in prison.
