HIST 2850 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: First Messenian War, Second Messenian War, Helots

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Their society was patriarchal and polytheistic, servile labour played a key role, agriculture formed the basis of the economy, law was revered and martial valor was prized. Hard to write about their territory laconia because many sources are tainted by their acceptance of the idealized spartan mirage : vision of an egalitarian and orderly society characterized by patriotism, courage in battle and tolerance for deprivation. Sparta was located inland needed to alleviate the pressure on resources caused by population expansion. Instead of looking abroad, they sought a military answer through conquest of their neighbours. Helots and the social hierarchy: inhabitants were reduced to the status of helots, hereditary subjects of the spartan state, those in laconian who occupied the area surrounding the city of sparta, became perioeci. In the 3rd quarter of the 8th century, they invaded messenia, beginning the first messenian war.

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