MBG 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Chromosome Abnormality, Aneuploidy, Karyotype

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A chromosome minimally includes telomeres, origins of replication and centromeres. A centromere consists of dna repeats and associated proteins, some of which bind spindle fibers. Centromere protein a enables the centromere to replicate. Subtelomeres contain telomere-like repeats and protein-encoding multigene families. Chromosomes differ by size, centromere location, satellites and staining. Cytogenetics is the study of chromosome aberrations and their effects of phenotypes. Heterochromatin stains darkly and harbors many dna repeats. Eurchromatin is light staining and contains many protein-encoding genes. Essential parts are the telomeres, centromeres, and origin of replication sites. Centromeres include dna repeats and proteins that enable the cell to divide. Subtelomeres have telomere-like repeats that gradually change inward toward the centromere, as protein-encoding genes predominate. Chromosomes are distinguishable by size, centromere position, satellites, and staining patterns. A metacentric chromosome has two fairly equal arms. A submetacentric chromosome has a large arm and a short arm.

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