PHIL 2180 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Bruno Latour, Laboratory Life, Conceptual System

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Chapter 8: the challenge from sociology of science. Sociology: the general study of human social structures. Sociology of science: developed in the middle of the twentieth century. Maertonian sociology of science: is basically mainstream sociology applied to the structure of science and to its historical development. In 1940, merton developed a set of basic values that value scientific communities, which are a part of merton"s account of science: Universalism: the idea that the personal attributes and social background of a person are irrelevant to the scientific value of the person"s ideas. Communism: invokes the common ownership of scientific ideas and results. Anyone can make use of any scientific idea in his or her work. Disinterestedness: idea that scientists are supposed to act for the benefit of a common scientific enterprise, rather than personal gain. Organized skepticism: is a community-wide pattern of challenging and testing ideas instead of taking them on trust.

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