POLS 1400 Chapter Notes - Chapter 19: Parliamentary Sovereignty, Equal Protection Clause, Blood Transfusion
Document Summary
Chaper 19 the charter of rights and freedoms. Constitution act of 1867 was rather lacking in terms of identifying fundamental rights and freedoms. Rights and freedoms were entrenched in the constitution and elaborated on with the creation of the charter in 1982. Rights and freedoms are commonly classified into four categories: Political liberties: freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, freedom of religion. Legal rights: procedural rights of a person suspected or accused of committing a crime, liberty encompassing the persons right to legal council, a presumption of innocence, bail and a fair trial. Equality rights: freedom from discrimination based on gender, race, religion, or age. Economic rights: right to own property (this is protected in law but not enshrined in the charter) Each province and territory in canada has such a code (human rights code), as does the federal government, and they are enforced by human rights commissions through investigation, conciliation and if needed, adjudication of disputes.