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Psychology (3,237)
PSYC 1010 (57)
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Chapter 7

# Chapter 7.docx

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School
University of Guelph
Department
Psychology
Course
PSYC 1010
Professor
c
Semester
Fall

Description
Chapter 7- Hypothesis Testing with Z Scores - Z Test- a hypothesis test in which we compare data from one sample to a population for which we know the mean and the standard deviation Z Table - Provides the percentage of scores between the mean and a given z value - The key to standardization- allows us to translate the standardized z distribution into percentages and individual z scores into percentile rankings - Normal Distributions  About 68% of scores fall within one z score of the mean  About 96% of scores fall within two z scores of the mean  Nearly all scores fall within three z scores of the mean - Three different ways to identify the same point beneath the normal curve :  Raw score  Z score  Percentile ranking - Determining the % associated with a given z statistic :  Convert a raw score into a z score  Look up a given z score on the z table to find the percentage of scores between the mean and that z score - Calculating the percentile for a positive z score  To find the percentage of scores below a certain score : add the percentage between the mean and the positive z score to 50%, which is the percentage of scores below the mean - Calculating the percentage above a positive z score  Subtract the percentage between the mean and the positive z score from 50%, which is the full percentage of scores above the mean - Calculating the percentage at least as extreme as our z score  Double the % that are extreme enough to be below a z score to find the total percentage of heights that are as far as or farther from the mean as the z score - Calculating the percentile for a negative z score  Subtract the percentage between the mean and the z score from 50%, the total percentage below the mean - Calculating the percentage above a negative z score  Add the percentage between the mean and the negative z score to 50%, the percentage above the mean - Calculating a score from a percentile  Calculate the percentage between the mean and the z score  Look up that percentage on the z table- find the associated score  Convert the z score to a raw score using the formula X=z ( Z Table and Distribution of Means - The z table can also be used to determine percentages and z statistics for distributions of means - First calculate the mean and the standard error of the distribution of means :  M=  M= √ - We can then calculate the percentage  Convert a z statistic using the mean and standard error that we just calculated  Determine the percentage below this z statistic The Assumptions and Steps of Hypothesis Testing - Assumptions- characteristic that we ideally require the population from which we are sampling to have so that
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