PSYC 2360 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Null Hypothesis, Analysis Of Variance, Spurious Relationship
9 Apr 2017
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Association, temporal priority, and control of common-causal variables. Must be a correlation between iv and dv. Causal relationships between variables are probabilistic: like probably cause each other. If a happens before b then a could cause b: but if a happens after b a can"t cause b. Difficult to determine temporal order of events. Experimental manipulations: manipulate iv: and can rule out the possibility of a spurious relationship between iv and dv. In 1-way designs: levels are often called experimental conditions. By creating equivalence among participants in each experimental condition before manipulation happens. Between-participants designs: different but equivalent participants in each level. Repeated-measure designs: same people in each condition. Random assignment: randomly putting participants into different levels: i. e. , by drawing samples from an envelope, flipping a coin, etc. Extraneous variables are not controlled for but random assignment ensures that on average the participants will be equal. As sample size increases, differences are reduced even further.
