PSYC 2410 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Socalled, Domineering, Sexual Fantasy

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6 Apr 2012

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Motivation: a process that influences the direction, persistence, and vigor of goal- directed behaviour. Instinct: an inherited characteristic, common to all members of a species, that automatically produces a particular response when the organism is exposed to a particular stimulus. Modern evolutionary psychologists propose that many psychological motives have evolutionary underpinnings that are expressed through the actions of genes. Adaptive significance of behaviour is a key to understanding motivation good genes are passed on. Homeostasis: the maintenance of biological equilibrium, or balance, within the body. Maintaining homeostasis requires a sensory mechanism for detecting changes in the internal environment, a response system that can restore equilibrium, and a control centre that receives information from the sensors and activates the response system. Drive theory: the theory that physiological disruptions to homeostasis produce states of internal tension (called drives) that motivate an organism to behave in ways that reduce this tension. Incentives: an environmental stimulus or condition that motivates behaviour.

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13. According to Freud, what motivates much of human behavior is A) the expected outcome of the behavior combined with the subjective value of that outcome B) the subjective interpretation of physiological arousal C) the battle between unconscious impulses struggling for release and psychological defenses used to keep them under control D) the consequences of a given behavior E) an intrinsic striving for self-actualization

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13. According to Freud, what motivates much of human behavior is of that A) the expected outcome of the behavior combined with the subjective value outcome B) the subjective interpretation of physiological arousal C) the battle between unconscious impulses struggling for release and psychological defenses used to keep them under control D) the consequences of a given behavior E) an intrinsic striving for self-actualization

Professor Abel views the causes of schizophrenia as strictly biological, while Professor Worth sees the causes as completely environmental. Both are wrong. Why? A) the causes of abnormal behaviour are best described at the psychological level B) the causes of abnormal behaviour are best described in terms of psychodynamic principles C) interaction must be considered—both levels are likely involved and each influence the other D) there are no known explanations for schizophrenia. E) B & D are correct

PSYC 2410 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Socalled, Domineering, Sexual Fantasy

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