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Chapter 6
PSYC 2740 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: Hip Fracture, Neuroglia, Primitive Reflexes
3 pages62 viewsFall 2013
Chap 6 summary Psyc *2450*
*story on Helen Keller
3-4m = teething (1yr=6-8 teeth, 2.5 yr. = appx. 20 teeth)
6m = 20/20, sit without support
15m= build tower of blocks
Growth and Nutrition
Faster period of growth (especially first few months)
3-4m = teething (1yr=6-8 teeth, 2.5 yr. = appx 20 teeth)
Physical growth follows cephocaudal (head to tail) and proximodal (inner to outer)
principle
Nourishment
Breastfeeding
– illnesses prevented or minimized by breastfeeding(baby) = diarrhea,
respiratory infections, oititis media (middle ear infection), staphylococcal,
bacteria and UTIs, and can reduce postneonatal death (28 d – 1y)
– -benefits for mom = less postpartum bleeding, quicker physical recovery,
earlier return to previous weight, less risk of breast cancer n ovarian cancer,
less risk of osteoporosis n hip fractures
- can be dangerous if mother has AIDS(can be transmitted thru milk), any
other infectious illnesses, taking drugs or alcohol
The Brain
CNS – central nervous system – brain and spinal cord
Brain growth spurts – periods of rapid growth and development
PET – positron emission tomography
Lateralization – tendency of each of the brains hemispheres to have specialized
functions (left hem/right)
Left hemisphere – language and logical thinking
Right hemisphere – visual and spatial functions (map reading and drawing)
Brain is composed of neurons and glial cells
Neurons – nerve cells (send receive info)
Glial cells – protect and support
myelination – processes of coating neurons with a fatty substances (myelin) that
enables faster communication between cells
reflex behavior – automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimulation
*once nerves are myelinated, shift to voluntary behavior, so you can evaluate a
baby’s neurological dvlpmt by seeing if certain reflexes are present or absent
Integration – process of neurons coordinate the activities of muscle groups
Differentiation – process of neurons acquiring specialized structure and function
Reflex behavior – automatic, involuntary, innate responses to stimulation
See pg. 143 for list for list of reflexes (ex rooting reflex 0 – 9m = sucking)
Plasticity – moulding of the brain through experience
Early sensory
Touch – first sense to develop
- pain emerges by 3rd trimester (baby can feel pain)
Smell and taste – also develop in womb
Hearing – functional from birth
Sight – least developed at birth
Motor devlpment
Systems of actions – increasing complex combinations of skills, permit wider and or
more precise range of mvmt and more control of environment
Denver development screening test – (1m-6y) screening test to determine normal
development
Gross motor skills – physical skills that involve the large muscles
Fine motor skills – physical skills that involve that small muscles and hand-eye
coordination
Head control – can keep neck erect solo by 4m
Hand control – 7-11 m can pick up a pea, 15 m can build tower of blocks and by 3y
can trace a circle
Locomotion – 11.5 m start to take first steps, ~1 y walking, ~2 y = run and jump)
Motor development and perception
Haptic perception – handling objects to learn
Health
Infant mortality rate – proportion of babies born alive who die within the first year
after birth
SIDS – sudden infant death syndrome – sudden and unexplained death of an
apparently healthy infant
SBS – shaken baby syndrome story
Immunization
-speculation some immunizations can lead to autism and other neurodevelopmental
disorders
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