PSYC 3310 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Informed Consent, Random Assignment, Ecological Validity

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All research begins with a research question. Each research question (and hypothesis) specifies the variables of interest. A variable refers to a property of a person, an object, or an event that can vary in quantity (e. g. , amount, degree) or in quality (e. g. , kind). The specific way in which a researcher measures a variable is referred to as the operational definition of the variable. A measurement procedure that reflects the meaning of the variable accurately is said to have a form of validity called construct validity. Self-report data collection procedures are those that require participants to report (either orally or in writing) on themselves with respect to the variable(s) of interest. Examples of self-report measures include surveys, personality scales, vocational interest inventories, and single-item rating scales. Surveys involve a series of questions about one"s attitudes toward, views on, and behaviors regarding a variable or set of variables. There are three basic question types used in surveys: factual, attitude, and behavioral.

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