CHEM120 Chapter 3: chem chapter 3.docx..docx
9 Jul 2013
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Oxidation states: a useful tool in describing chemical compounds. Oxidation state(number): no. of electrons that an atom loses, gains, or otherwise appears to use in joining with other atoms in compounds. Organic compounds: compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen or carbon and hydrogen together with oxygen, nitrogen, and a few other elements. Oxides: e. g. lead (iv) oxide = pbo2 , lead (ii) oxide = pbo. Binary ionic compound: metal (unmodified) and nonmental (end in ide) Ionic compounds must be electrically neutral = charge must equal zero. Element with positive oxidation state first !!!! Acid: a substance that ionizes or breaks down in water to produce hydrogen ions (h+) and anions. Binary acid: a two-element compound of hydrogen and a nonmetal (hcl ionizes into hydrogen ions (h+), and chloride ions (cl-) in water ) Nh3 is a base: yields hydroxide ions (oh-) in aqueous solutions. Two or more atoms joined together by covalent bonds.
