CHEM392A Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Valence Bond Theory, Lewis Acids And Bases, Nonmetal
Document Summary
Ionic bonding: the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions in the crystal lattice of a salt. Covalent bonding: the sharing of valence electrons between atomic nuclei within a molecule of complex ion. Atoms and ions are stable if they are like noble gas (stable octet) Atoms from chemical bonds to achieve a stable octet. A stable octet may be achieved by exchange of electrons between mental and non-metal. A stable octet may be achieved by sharing electrons between non-metals. The new bonding orbital from the overlap of atomic orbitals contains a pair of electrons of opposite spin. The total number of electrons in the bonding orbital must be two: when atoms bond, they arrange themselves in space to achieve the maximum overlap of their half-filled obitals. Maximum overlap produces a bonding orbital of lowest energy. Hybridization: a theoretical process involving the combination of atomic orbitals to create a new set of orbitals that take part in covalent bonding.