PHIL145 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-11: Syllogism, Fundamental Attribution Error, Modus Ponens
18 Sep 2015
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P1 (t), p2 (t) = conclusion (t) syllogisms / deductive syllogism . Deductive (valid): must be: using lter model it makes sense, preserves truth. Inductive: looking at examples and making predictions (projections) Plato"s the gorgias made the distinction between persuasion and dialectic . Dialect: reasoning towards truth (usually involves dialogue with others) Tautology: true everywhere in every possible world (all bachelors are unmarried men) Explanatory reasons: reasons thought of a causes. Justi catory reasons: we can offer reasons and / or evidence for them. Assertions: the act of stating something as if it were true (can be truth-evaluable, and non-truth-evaluable) Proposition / statement / sentence / claim: what you say when you assert. Arguments: when you make you reasons explicit for your asserted beliefs. Premises: a statement intended to supply a rational support for another statement. Essential premises: needs to be in the argument so the validity doesn"t change.
