PSYCH261 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Hemoglobin, Positron, Brain Size

• School: University of Waterloo
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSYCH261
• Professor: Daniel Smilek

Document Summary

Damage in left frontal cortex loss of the ability to speak found out by broca (cid:374)o(cid:449) k(cid:374)o(cid:449)(cid:374) as broca"s area. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms): the application of magnetic stimulation to a portion of the scalp, inactivates neurons in a narrow area below the magnet, produci(cid:374)g a (cid:862)(cid:448)irtual lesio(cid:374)(cid:863) that outlasts the (cid:373)ag(cid:374)etic sti(cid:373)ulatio(cid:374) itself. If brain damage impairs some behavior, stimulation should increase it. Optogenetics: using light to control a limited population of neurons: first researchers use a specially manipulated virus to insert light-sensitive proteins into the membrane of a given type of neuron. If that protein opens a sodium channel in the membrane, the result is excitation of the neuron. If it opens a chloride channel, the result is inhibition. Gall inferred that verbal memories depended on brain areas behind the eyes that had pushed the eyes forward. His process of relating skull anatomy to behavior: phrenology: phrenology is invalid, because skull shape has little relationship to brain anatomy.