PSYCH261 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Neuraxis, Mammillary Body, Optic Chiasm
1 May 2018
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Structure of the Nervous System
Terms
Neuraxis- an imaginary line drawn through the center
of the length of the central nervous system, from the
bottom of the spinal cord to the front of the
forebrain.
Anterior- with respect to the central nervous system,
located near or toward the head.
Posterior- with respect to the central nervous system,
located near or toward the tail.
Rostral- toward the eak; with respet to the
central nervous system, in a direction along the
neuraxis toward the front of the face.
Caudal- toward the tail; with respet to the entral
nervous system, in a direction along the neuraxis
away from the front of the face.
Dorsal- toward the ak; with respet to the
central nervous system, in a direction perpendicular
to the neuraxis toward the top of the head or the
back.
Ventral- toward the elly; with respet to the
central nervous system, in a direction perpendicular
to the neuraxis toward the bottom of the skull or the
front surface of the body.
Lateral- toward the side of the body, away from the
middle.
Medial- toward the middle of the body, away from
the side.
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Ipsilateral- located on the same side of the body.
Contralateral- located on the opposite side of the
body.
cross section- with respect to the central nervous
system, a slice taken at right angles to the neuraxis.
Frontal section- a slice through the brain parallel to
the forehead.
Horizontal section- a slice through the brain parallel
to the ground.
Sagittal section (sadj i tul )- a slice through the brain
parallel to the neuraxis and perpendicular to the
ground.
Midsagittal plane- the plane through the neuraxis
perpendicular to the ground; divides the brain into
two symmetrical halves.
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Meninges
Meninges (singular: meninx) (men in jees)- the three
layers of tissue that encase the central nervous
system: the dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and
pia mater.
Dura mater- the outermost of the meninges; tough
and flexible.
Arachnoid membrane (a rak noyd )- the middle layer
of the meninges, located between the outer dura
mater and inner pia mater.
Pia mater- the layer of the meninges that clings to the
surface of the brain; thin and delicate.
Subarachnoid space- the fluid-filled space that
cushions the brain; located between the arachnoid
membrane and the pia mater.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- a clear fluid, similar to
blood plasma, that fills the ventricular system of the
brain and the subarachnoid space surrounding the
brain and spinal cord.
CNS- brain and spinal cord
PNS- nerves and peripheral ganglia
The Ventricular System
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