BIOL 112 Chapter 3: Ch. 3

Matching: Choose the BEST answer to complete each matchingstatement. There is one correct answer for each fill in the blank.Use of letters to answer is fine.

Choices A). Oxygen F). Water K.) ADP P.) AbsorbU.) Stroma of Chloroplast B.) NADP G.) NADPH L). ATP Q.) ReleaseV.) Transpiration C.) Close H.) Open M.) Nitrogen R.) Glucose W.)Thylakoid Membranes D.) Electrons I.) Stomata N.) AMP S.) SunlightX.) Light Reaction E.) Carotenoids J.) Carbon Dioxide O.)Chlorophyll T.) Dark Reaction Y.) Hydrogen ion

1. List the reactants of the light reactions.

2. List the products of the light reactions

3. List the reactants of the dark reactions (Calvin BensonCycle).

4. List the products of the dark reactions (Calvin BensonCycle).

5. In the light reactions (a) is split releasingthese three things (b)

6. (a) for the dark reactions (Calvin Benson cycle) is obtainedby opening the (b) .

7. (a) is lost to the environment through the open (b)

8. The light reactions occur on/in the .

9. The dark reactions (Calvin Benson cycle) occur on/in the.

10.(a) absorb additional wavelengths of light and protect (b)from damage.

Robert is a 55 - year - old truck driver with Type 2 Diabetes. His blood sugars are uncontrolled as evidenced by (AEB) A1C >10 and he complains of increasing n umbness in his feet and fingers, frequent urination during the day and overnight. Robert has a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

Ht 6´3” (1.90m) Wt 242 lb (11 0 kg) BMI 30, BP: 155/90 mm Hg

Medications (daily) : Lantis 80 units at HS, Metformin 100 0mg BID, simvastatin 40 mg, enalapril 10 mg,

Lipid profile

• TC: 228 mg/dL , TG: 545 mg/dL , HDL - C: 39 mg/dL , LDL - C: 136 mg/dL

SMBG shows shows:

Aggregate mean: 218 mg/dL, Standard deviation: 48 (n = 68) over last 30 days

Frequency – 2 x/day

Fasting ( 6 AM): 173 mg/dL, Standard deviation: 35 (n = 21)

Prebreakfast (9 AM): 248 mg/dL, Standard deviation: 30 (n = 6)

Prelunch: (1 PM): 193 mg/dL, Standard deviation: 47 (n = 17)

Predinner (6 PM): 195 mg/dL, Standard deviation: 33 (n = 11)

Bedtime (n = 9): 260 mg/dL, Standard deviation 34 (n = 13)

Range: 69 mg/dL to 304 mg/dL

Food and nutrition history

Due to his job, Robert is often away from home for extended periods of time and he eats at truck stop diners, where he selects hamburgers, fried eggs with bacon and deep fried foods; he eats large quantities of chips and beef jerky as snacks. He drinks diet soda and almost no water. On weekends, when Robert is at home, he enjoys drink ing beer (8 to 10 - 12 - oz cans) and making barbecues.

1. What observations do you have about Robert’s diet? ( 1)

2. Calculate Robert’s EER using two methods for determining Robert’s calorie requirements (show your work) (2)

3. What lifestyle factors could have inc reased the risk for Robert’s diabetes diagnosis? (2)

4. What criteria are used to Diagnose Metabolic Syndrome? Can you diagnose Metabolic Syndrome for Robert? Why or why not? (4)

5. List diabetic symptoms that Robert is showing (3)

6. Explain the pathophysiology of these symptoms (3)

7. What labs would be elevated if you suspect Robert is dehydrated? (2)

8. What is considered to be good control for BS (blood sugar) for someone with diabetes and what is considered poor control? (4)

9. Explain how Robert’s medications help control his diabetes (3)

10. Robert’s physician wants to initiate mealtime insulin injections. What dietary guidelines will you give to Robert regarding his food choices? (2)

11. What are some common causes of hypoglycemia and what w ill you recommend to Robert if he experiences hypoglycemia? (4)

Suppose the (1) ____ oocyte is on its way down an oviduct when a female and male are engaged in sexual intercourse, or (2) _____. The male sex act requires (3) _____________ and ejaculation. During coitus, pelvic thrusts stimulate the penis, the female’s (4) ____________, and the vaginal wall. The mechanical stimulation induces involuntary contractions in the male reproductive tract. It forces sperm from the (5) _____ and contents of seminal vesicles and the (6) ________ gland into the urethra. The substances mix and form (7) _____, which is ejaculated into the vagina. During male (8) ________, the end of the sex act, strong sensations of physical release, warmth, and relaxation dominate. Similar sensations typify female orgasm. Following sexual intercourse, (9) _____ are in the vagina. Fertilization most often takes place in the upper portion of the (10) _____. When living sperm contact an oocyte, they release (11) ______ that clear a path through the zona pellucida. Usually only one sperm fuses with the secondary oocyte; only its nucleus and centrioles do not degenerate in the oocyte’s cytoplasm. Sperm penetration induces the secondary oocyte and the first polar body to finish meiosis (12) _______. There are now three polar bodies and a mature egg, or (13) ______. As the sperm and egg nuclei fuse, their chromosomes restore the (14) ____ number for a brand new zygote. A. Orgasm H. Epididymis B. II I. Semen C. Clitoris J. Sperm D. Enzymes K. Erection E. Diploid L. Prostate F. Oviduct M. Ovum G. Secondary N. Coitus