BIOL 121 Chapter Notes -Microtubule, Cytokinesis, Tubulin

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BIOL 121 Full Course Notes

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Multicellular eukaryotes start as single-celled embryo and grow thru cell division. Chromosomes-carry hereditary material/instructions for building + operating cell. Made up of single dna double helix wrapped around proteins. Gamete-haploid reproductive cell, fuse w/ another haploid cell to form zygote (eg. egg and sperm cells) Somatic cells-body cells (cell in multicellular org. that isn"t sperm/egg) Meiosis/reduction division-hereditary material in parent cell reduced by half, occurs in animals just to form gametes. Mitosis-daughter cells genetically identical to parent cell (hereditary material is constant), followed by Cytokinesis ( cell movement )-cytoplasm divides into the 2 daughter cells. Gene-segment of dna that codes for certain protein or rna in cell. Mitotic (m)-dividing phase (m + c) where copied chrom. given to daughter cells, no replication. Interphase (between phase)-nondividing (cells spend most time here, chro. replication) Cell cycle-starts with formation of eukaryotic cell to time it undergoes cell division.

Related Questions

Indicate whether the following outcomes of cell division are observed in mitosis only, meiosis only, or both mitosis and meiosis. Sister chromatids are separated. mitosis only meiosis only both mitosis and meiosos Contains only one cellular division mitosis only both mitosis and meiosos meiosis only DNA is replicated prior to cell division. both mitosis and meiosos mitosis only meiosis only A diploid parent cell produces haploid daughter cells. mitosis only both mitosis and meiosos meiosis only Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cell. meiosis only

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M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 1 options:

	gamete
	somatic cells
	zygote
	sexual reproduction

1.	Reproductive life cycle that involves an alternation between haploid and diploid cells
2.	A single cell with a diploid number of chromosomes resulting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm.
3.	Cells (egg or sperm) resulting from a meiotic division of germ-line cells
4.	The non-reproductive cells found in embryos and mature individuals

Question 2 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 2 options:

	syngamy
	haploid
	meiosis
	diploid
	germ-line cells

1.	The cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes.
2.	The number of chromosomes found in gametes (eggs or sperm).
3.	The process by which two haploid gametes fuse to form a new diploid cell.
4.	A specialized reduction division that produces cells with half the normal number of chromosomes.
5.	Two sets of chromosomes present in the somatic cells of adult individuals.

BIOL 121 Chapter Notes -Microtubule, Cytokinesis, Tubulin

BIOL 121 Full Course Notes

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