BIOL 361 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Resting Potential, Axon Hillock, Electrochemical Gradient

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What are the phases of a typical ap? figure 5. 12 p. 168. Depolarization phase: membrane potential at axon hillock reaches threshold (as a result of summed gradient potential at axon hillock) Repolarization phase: membrane potential rapidly returns to resting membrane potential. After hyperpolarization phase: membrane potential becomes more negative resting membrane potential, may approach k+ equilibrium potential. This phase varies greatly among neurons and typically lasts between 2-15 msec and then returns to resting membrane potential. Absolute refractory period: coincides with depolarization and repolarization phases, axon is incapable of generating new action potential no matter how strong the stimulus. Relative refractory period: coincides with after- hyperpolarization phase, a new action potential can be generated, but only by very large stimuli. Opening of voltage-gated na+ channel causes the depolarization phase of action potential. What type of channels is involved in the repolarization phase of the ap? p. 169-170.

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