PSYC 208 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Speedstep, Stone Age, Avolition
Document Summary
Lsd, psilocybin (affects serotonin) active ingredient in magic mushrooms. Develop tolerance (more substance used to achieve the same effect) Psychological: irritated, confusion, anger (psychological withdrawal disturbances are associated with physiological dependence, not psychological dependence) Psychological dependence: repeated use to achieve same satisfaction, not necessarily physical dependence. Psychomotor agitation: quantitative disturbance: motor movements performed excessively or diminished, qualitative disturbance: motor movements lack smoothness. Diminish over time as body returns to homeostasis. Dependence on alcohol is common (5-10% of men, 3-5% of women) Most people have dependence on 1 or more substances. Relapse rates are high due to intense withdrawal symptoms. Male mz twins: 20-80%, male dz twins: 10-60% Female mz twins: 10-50%, female dz twins: 5-40% Adh & aldh enzyme (break down alcohol) After 25 years old: harm avoidance and reward dependence . Alcohol enters body as ethanol, then converted to acetaldehyde (by adh), then converted to acetate (by aldh), then into carbon dioxide and water.
