ANT 2103 Chapter Notes - Chapter 1-5: Surrogacy, Symbolic Interactionism, Heterosexuality
22 Jun 2018
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Marital Ideals of the newly married: A longitudinal analysis
Results indicated that marital ideals are different than those for dating
relationships. Marital ideals were intimate and traditional, but not
romanticized. Conflict ideals were practical rather than romantic, and
became more practical over time.
A person’s attitude towards marriage is affected by many contextual and
individual factors – societal beliefs, media portrayals, and previous romantic
relationships
There is evidence that suggests that partner and relationship ideals influence
both peoples evaluations of their current relationship and their relationship
behavior.
Gender analyses revealed that women’s relationship ideals were more
intimate and romantic-traditional than men
Research question 1: What is the content of marital ideals at engagement? Do
couples romanticize their marital ideals, substituting a fantasy of what
marriage should be like for the reality of marriage?
Research question 2: Do gender differences exist in marital ideals at engage-
ment?
Research question 3: Does the content of ideals change over time? Specifi-
cally, do couples’ ideals become less romantic over time, as the practicality
hypothesis suggests?
Research question 4: Do couples’ ideals become more congruent with marital
experience, as the convergent hypothesis suggests?
Procedure: (1) they had to fill up a questionnaire, then 6 month later then a
year later.
preliminary evidence suggests that dating relationship ideals are
qualitatively different than those for marriage. Compared to their college
student counterparts in dating relationships, this sample of engaged and
newly-married couples described more intimate and traditional marital
ideals.
preliminary evidence suggests that dating relationship ideals are
qualitatively different than those for marriage. Compared to their college
student counterparts in dating relationships, this sample of engaged and
newly-married couples described more intimate and traditional marital
ideals.
Women’s relationship ideals have been found to be more romantic and
intimate than men’s, and this study found the same to be true for women’s
partner ideals. We speculate that this may be because women in this culture
are socialized to value intimacy and connection Compared to men, women
preferred greater intimacy in domains such as social intimacy (having
mutual friends, spending time with friends or alone, and having friends the
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spouse approves of).
Barbie girls vs. sea monsters
Children actively construct gender in specific social contexts of the classroom
and the playground
3 levels of analysis
1 – how do children do gender, and what are the contributions and limits of
theories of performativity in understanding these interactions?
2- how does the gender regime, particularly the larger organizational level of
formal sex segregation of AYSO, and the concrete, momentary situation of the
opening ceremony provide a context that variously constrains and enables
the children’s interactions?
3- the level of cultural symbol – how does children’s shared immersion in
popular culture provide symbolic resources for the creation, in this situation,
of apparently categorical difference between boys and girls.
Sea monsters vs. Barbie girls team – chanting “ no Barbie” – parents: they are
so different
Parents for not see their children’s behavior as social constructions of
gender, but instead they interpret them as the inevitable unfolding of natural,
internal differences between the sexes.
In people’s everyday interactions, they were doing gender, and in so doing,
they were constructing masculine dominance and feminine deference.
Adults seized their commitment to difference – not once were adults like
“look at them they are so similar”
There was a clear sexual division – 21 men and 9 women, with the two top
positions being men, and 133 men and 23 women were coaches
The vast majority of the team manager was the women – who would make
team parties, organize snacks, make reminders about the games and
practices
So, the vast majority of formal authority was men and the support/ Backup
was the women
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Formal sex segregation – boys teams and girls team – never mixed and never
played against one another
She put her son in coed – but then they split the team in two – boys and girls.
Why? Because they split up during half time anyways - so they want a
“unified team” – well what about culture?
Teams – it was obvious that several girls team were wearing pink uniforms,
while there was no pink for guy uniform…
Matel links beauty to intellect – her legs are always weirdly shaped so she
only fits heels, she gets all these kind of jobs while being pretty and blonde.
Oppressive conceptions of feminine beauty
Never has Barbie ever looked more masculine – even when she’s a firefighter
Toys are gendered – girls use Barbie and makeup kits, while boyes play with
power rangers and ninja turtles
Research indicates that there is a widespread agreement as to which toys are
appropriate for one sex and polluting, dangerous or inappropriate for the
other.
Children ten to avoid cross sex toys – with boys avoiding feminine toys
appearing to be stronger than girls
By kindergarten – they learn what toys they should be playing with – they
hide their desire for Barbie
Boys assume that violence is legitimate and that justified when it occurs in
good vs. evil context – superman, Spiderman, ninja turtles…
Explaining child custody determinations in Canada
On 1 June 1986, Canada proclaimed a new Divorce Act, which introduced a
number of changes with respect to child custody. It established that custody
should be assigned based on "the best interests of the child," officially
replacing the "tender years doctrine" maternal preference. The act provided
for the assignment of joint legal custody and encouraged the involvement of
both parents with the children after divorce:
In other words, the Divorce Act of 1986 has an underlying assumption that it
is better for children to maintain, as much as possible, a relationship with
both parents, post-divorce, and that the "best interests of the child" is the
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