BIO 1140 Chapter Notes - Chapter 43: Salt Gland, Cell Membrane, Signal Transduction
12 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Hormones control cell functions by binding to receptor molecules on or in their target cells. Small quantities of hormones can cause huge change because of amplification. A the secreted hormone may not be in an active form. Many hormones are secreted in an inactive form (a prohormone) and converted by target cells or enzymes in the blood/tissues into an active form . Prohormone: a precursor of a hormone; usually has minimal hormonal effect by itself. Peptide hormones are often synthesized as prohormones that undergo post-translational conversion to the active forms in the source cell. Sometimes further conversion after the hormone has been secreted (not as common) B hydrophilic hormones bind to surface receptors, activating protein kinases inside cells. Hormones that bind to receptors in the plasma membrane produce their responses through signal transduction pathways . When a surface receptor binds a hormone, it transmits a signal through the plasma membrane.
